Here, we investigate whether bone microanatomy can be used to infer the locomotion mode (cursorial vs. graviportal) of large terrestrial birds. We also reexamine, or describe for first time, histology several extant and extinct flightless birds (i) document histovariability between skeletal elements hindlimb; (ii) improve our knowledge histological diversity birds; (iii) reassess previous hypot...

We have performed experiments with SKF 82526, a selective dopamine (DA1) receptor agonist to determine whether this compound would activate either ganglionic and/or central DA receptors. Bilateral hindlimb perfusion was carried out at controlled flow rates and changes in hindlimb perfusion pressure were recorded to evaluate the action of SKF 82526 on vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs. In...

We examined changes in weight-bearing ability in mice after injection with botulinum toxin type A (BTX) to determine whether BTX can be used to isolate the effects of muscle on bone. As ambulation patterns were previously shown to improve within two weeks post-injection, we hypothesized that BTX injection to the posterior hindlimb would not significantly affect the mouse's ability to bear weigh...

Rats that sustain forelimb removal on postnatal day (P) 0 exhibit numerous multi-unit recording sites in the forelimb-stump representation of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that also respond to hindlimb stimulation when cortical GABAA+B receptors are blocked. Most of these hindlimb inputs originate in the medial SI hindlimb representation. Although many forelimb-stump sites in these animals ...

AIMS Multiple factors regulate arteriogenesis. Peripheral nerves play a crucial role in vascular remodeling, but the function of peripheral nerves during arteriogenesis is obscure. Our study investigated the contribution of denervation to arteriogenesis during post-ischemic recovery from hindlimb femoral artery ligation. METHODS AND RESULTS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into fou...

Kitchen, Amy M., Tadeusz J. Scislo, and Donal S. O’Leary. NTS A2a purinoceptor activation elicits hindlimb vasodilation primarily via a b-adrenergic mechanism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278: H1775–H1782, 2000.— Previously, we have shown that activation of adenosine A2a receptors in the subpostremal nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) via microinjection of the selective A2a receptor agonist CG...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY We have observed saddle slip consistently to one side because of a crooked rider, an ill-fitting saddle, asymmetry in a horse's thoracolumbar shape and lameness. Currently, there are no objective data to permit assessment of the relative importance of each factor. OBJECTIVES To document the frequency of occurrence of saddle slip in horses with hindlimb lameness co...

PURPOSE This study investigated whether enrichment improves hindlimb movement following complete spinal cord transection and transplantation of olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG), with or without a Schwann cell (SC) bridge. METHODS Motor activity was encouraged through provision of motor enrichment housing (MEH); a multi-level cage containing ramps, textured surfaces and rewards. Hindlimb joint...

A previous study from this laboratory demonstrated that forelimb removal at birth results in invasion of the cuneate nucleus (CN) by sciatic nerve axons and the development of CN cells including thalamic projection neurons with receptive fields that include both the forelimb stump and the hindlimb. However, recordings from unit clusters in lamina IV of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of t...

The transcriptional basis of vertebrate limb initiation, which is a well-studied system for the initiation of organogenesis, remains elusive. Specifically, involvement of the β-catenin pathway in limb initiation, as well as its role in hindlimb-specific transcriptional regulation, are under debate. Here, we show that the β-catenin pathway is active in the limb-forming area in mouse embryos. Fur...