Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase, L-ar-Aminooxy-/?-phenylpropionic Acid, Aromatic Amino Acids, Shikimic Acid, Fagopyrum esculentum L-a-Aminooxy-/?-phenylpropionic acid (AOPP), a potent competitive inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), blocked light-induced phenylpropanoid synthesis in excised buckwheat hypocotyls and produced an up to 40-fold increase in the endogenous phenylalanine concen...

Influence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum IMV B-7404 strain exometabolites on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.24) activity in winter wheat seedlings has been studied. A significant increase of PAL activity at 4-6 hours after treatment of plant roots with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum IMVB-7404 strain exometabolites and in case of leaves infection with Bip...

Banana blossoms are rich in fiber and nutrients a popular plant-based, vegan alternative to fish. However undesirable browning, usually visible at the peduncle cut-end, negatively impacts consumer acceptability of banana blossoms. The aim this work was develop safe alternatives prevent browning First, activities primary enzymes associated with tissue i.e., polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (...

Salicylic acid (SA) plays an important role in the regulation of plant ripening and responses to abiotic stresses. In this study, the protective effect of SA on cold stress-caused oxidative damage in grape (Vitis vinifera L.) bunches was investigated during cold storage.  Grape bunches treated with 2 mM SA and  stored at 0°C with 85-90% RH for 30 days. Samples were selected from each treatment ...

Signal transduction via phospholipids is mediated by phospholipases such as phospholipase C (PLC) and D (PLD), which catalyze hydrolysis of plasma membrane structural phospholipids. Phospholipid signaling is also involved in plant responses to phytohormones such as salicylic acid (SA). The relationships between phospholipid signaling, SA, and secondary metabolism are not fully understood. Using...

L-Phenylalanine is one of the essential amino acids that cannot be synthesized in mammals in adequate amounts to meet the requirements for protein synthesis. Fungi and plants are able to synthesize phenylalanine via the shikimic acid pathway. L-Phenylalanine, derived from the shikimic acid pathway, is used directly for protein synthesis in plants or metabolized through the phenylpropanoid pathw...

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which mutations in the phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH) gene result in an inactive enzyme (PAH, EC 1.14.16.1). The effect is an inability to metabolize phenylalanine (Phe), translating into elevated levels of Phe in the bloodstream (hyperphenylalaninemia). If therapy is not implemented at birth, mental retardation can occur. P...

In a series of experiment, the response of two contrasting potato species, namely,  Solanum acaule (tolerant) and Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria (intolerant) to salt (80 mM NaCl) and drought stress (15% polyethylene glycol;PEG) was studied in vitro. Furthermore, the role of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) (1 and 10 µM) in alleviating oxidative stress was investigated. In Agria cultivar, NaCl and PEG r...

Abiotic stress, like heat treatment and wounding, applied to pineapple by-products induce the accumulation of new compounds add value. In this work effect individual or combined application wounding stresses on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity through complementary methods (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS) enzymatic (bromelain, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) polyphenol oxidase) were evaluated. ...

Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) are key enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The relative expression of PAL and C3H was evaluated in mango fruit cultivar 'Ataulfo' in four ripening stages (RS1, RS2, RS3, and RS4) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, enzyme activity of PAL and C3H was determined in mango fruits during ripening. The PAL ...