High-level expression of recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) in Escherichia coli (E. coli) leads to the formation of insoluble aggregates as inclusion bodies devoid of biological activity. Until recently, significant efforts have been made to improve the recovery of active hGH from inclusion bodies. Here, we developed an efficient procedure for the production of completely soluble hGH by min...

The major desamido form of human growth hormone (hGH) results from deamidation of asparagine 152. Peptide mapping and amino acid sequencing were used in the identification. This desamido form (hGHAsp152) could be produced by incubation of the undeamidated hormone in an alkaline medium. Another minor deamidated form which contained glutamic acid at 137 (hGHGlu137) also was identified in preparat...

A gene fragment encoding the extracellular domain of the human growth hormone (hGH) receptor from liver was cloned into a plasmid under control of the Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase promoter and the heat-stable enterotoxin (StII) signal peptide sequence. Strains of E. coli expressing properly folded hGH binding protein were identified by blotting colonies with 125I-hGH. The E. coli strai...

We have established 13 hybridoma cell lines which secrete mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) to human growth hormone (hGH). Binding affinity and binding specificity of McAbs were analyzed by competitive radioimmunoassay. Among these McAbs, CL. B1 showed a high affinity of 9.8 x 10(8) l/mol, and all McAbs so far tested showed very weak cross-reactivity or none at all with human prolactin (...

Human growth hormone (hGH) bound to specific sites on rat hepatocytes. The time course of hGH dissociation was comprised of more than one component. Dissociation was resolved into rapid ( t l l z = 10.5 min) and slow (tilz = 6.4 h) fractions. The amount of slowly dissociable hormone increased for the first 75 min during which time cells and [Iz5I]hGH associated. Subsequently, the amount of slow...

In order to determine whether an adrenergic mechanism is involved in the secretion of growth hormone and insulin, the effect of adrenergic-blocking or -stimulating agents on plasma human growth hormone (HGH), immunoreactive insulin, blood free fatty acids (FFA), and glucose levels was studied in normal human subjects. The intravenous infusion of propranolol, a beta adrenergic-blocking agent, ca...

Metal-catalyzed oxidation of proteins represents an important pathway of post-translational modification. We utilized human growth hormone (hGH), a protein with a well defined metal-binding site, to study the detailed mechanism of metal-catalyzed oxidation by ascorbate/Cu(II)/O2. Particularly His18 and His21 within the metal-binding site were oxidized, predominantly to 2-oxo-His with the incorp...

The hGH-V (or hGH-2) gene codes for human placental growth hormone (hPGH). Secretion of hPGH is continuous, in contrast with the pulsed secretion of pituitary growth hormone (hGH) which it progressively replaces in the maternal bloodstream. hGH-V cDNA has previously been cloned and isolated. Analysis of its nucleotide sequence has revealed a 191-residue protein, hPGH, differing from hGH at 13 p...

The human growth hormone (hGH-N) and the closely related human growth hormone-variant (hGH-V) genes differ in their patterns of splice-site selection. In 9% of hGH-N transcripts exon 2 is spliced to an alternative acceptor site located 45 bases within exon 3. mRNA spliced in this manner encodes a 20-kDa hGH-N isoform instead of the normal 22-kDa hGH-N. The hGH-V transcript fails to utilize this...