BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, currently recommended in HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children as protection against opportunistic infections, also has some anti-malarial efficacy. We determined whether daily co-trimoxazole prophylaxis affects the natural development of antibody-mediated immunity to blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection. METHODS Using an e...

With increasing access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Africa, most children born to HIV-infected mothers are not themselves HIV-infected. These HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) children are at increased risk of mortality and have immune, growth, development, and health deficits compared to HIV-unexposed children. HEU children are known to be at higher risk than HIV-unexposed children of acquir...

Background Optimal infant- and young child-feeding practices are crucial for nutritional status, growth, development, health and, ultimately, survival. Human breast milk is optimal nutrition for all infants. Complementary food introduced at the correct age is part of optimal feeding practices. In South Africa, widespread access to antiretrovirals and a programme to prevent mother-to-child trans...

The core conversion studies of the Ghana Research Reactor Core started in 2006 and with the objective of designing an LEU core with similar operational capabilities as the original HEU core and with acceptable safety margins under both normal and accident conditions. Steadystate studies for converting the Ghana MNSR facility from HEU to LEU core have been performed using the PLTEMP/ANL V4.1 cod...

OBJECTIVE To estimate prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in perinatally HIV-infected (HIV+) and HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children, and to determine predictors of BMD in HIV+. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis within a 15-site United States and Puerto Rico cohort study. METHODS Total body and lumbar spine BMD were measured using dual energy-X-ray absorptiometry. BMD Z-scores ...

BACKGROUND Perinatal use of combination antiretroviral therapy dramatically reduces vertical (mother-to-child) transmission of HIV but has led to a growing population of children with perinatal HIV-exposure but uninfected (HEU). HIV can cause neurological injury among children born with infection, but the neuroanatomical and developmental effects in HEU children are poorly understood. METHODS...

We investigate a scheduling problem motivated by pull-based data delivering systems where there is a server keeping a number of pages; and clients requesting the same page can be satisfied simultaneously by one broadcast. The HEU algorithm of Woeginger (1994) is proven to be optimal in maximizing the number of satisfied requests when the pages have equal length and the requests have tight deadl...

BACKGROUND Despite the recognized benefit of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for preventing and treating HIV, some studies have reported adverse birth outcomes with in utero ART exposure. We evaluated the effect of infant in utero HIV and ART exposure on preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight (LBW), small for gestational age (SGA), and underweight for age (UFA) at 6 weeks. METHODS We surveyed ...

Abstract In the past, 99m Tc produced by PT. Industri Nuklir Indonesia (PT. INUKI) was carried out through processing of a 99 Mo parent radioisotope that using high enriched uranium target. Due to restrictions on use high-enriched (HEU) International Atomic Energy Agency, INUKI has converted process low (LEU) This study aims determine change radioactive fission waste characteristics in producti...

Gul and Pesendorfer (2015) propose a promising theory of decision under uncertainty, they dub Hurwicz expected utility (HEU). HEU is special case α ‐maxmin EU that allows for preferences over sources uncertainty. It consistent with most the available empirical evidence on risk We show also tractable can readily be measured tested. do this by deriving new two‐parameter functional form probabilit...