Keggin-type heteropolyacid cesium salts have been regarded as potential candidates for heterogeneous catalytic reactions. This review describes the success of heteropolyacids (Cs-HPA salts) efficient catalysts in various synthesis processes. The Cs-HPA can be synthesized solid through metathesis a solution containing precursor HPA and another soluble Cs salt, which will give salt precipitate. A...

The main objective of this work was to design an innovative method prepare heterogeneous heteropolyacid catalysts. H3PW12O40 (HPW) modified with tin(II) by two methodologies: a conventional aqueous ion-exchange (CS) and redox solid-state (SS). In both cases, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements evidenced that Keggin structure preserved. All materia...