The Holliday junction, the key intermediate of recombination, is generated by strand exchange resulting in a covalent connection between two recombining DNA molecules. Translocation of a Holliday junction along DNA, or branch migration, progressively exchanges one DNA strand for another and determines the amount of information that is transferred between two recombining partners. In Escherichia...

are ubiquitous. Their role in communicating extracellular events across the cell membrane is essential and has not been overlooked by those interested in the processes of signal transduction and by those attracted to manipulating signal pathways for disease therapy. The nature of GPCRs makes them suitable targets for drug therapy for a number of reasons. Depending on the signal pathway and the ...

A rapid, sensitive, specific and high through-put enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) methodfor determination of morphine in urine samples using penicillinase as label enzyme has been developed. Noextraction or chromatography was included in this assay procedure. Immunoglobulin (Ig) purified polyclonalanti-bodies against a C6-hemisuccinate derivative of morphine (M-C6-HS...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, which has spread very quickly, created crises in all aspects of life around the world. administration heterologous vaccine Indonesia is prioritized for high-risk groups, one health workers. This study aimed to determine comparison quantitative IgG antibody levels SARS CoV2 between workers with and without a history being infected after heterology vaccination a...

Chi (5'-GCTGGTGG) is a recombinator in RecA-RecBC-mediated recombination in Escherichia coli. In bacteriophage lambda vegetative recombination, Chi is fully active only when it is correctly oriented with respect to cos, the site that defines the ends of the packaged chromosome. Here we demonstrate that packaging from cos is not necessary for this cos-Chi interaction. Our evidence suggests that ...

Yeast RAD51 gene functions in genetic recombination and DNA double-strand break repair. In vitro, in the presence of ATP and replication protein A, RAD51 protein pairs single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with homologous double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and catalyzes strand exchange between the synapsed DNA partners. Electron microscopic analyses show that RAD51 forms helical filaments on both ssDNA and dsDN...

The relevance of the linker tethering site in haptens was investigated for antibody generation and immunoassay development. Three derivatives of the strobilurin fungicide picoxystrobin were synthesized with the same functionalized spacer arm located at three different positions. Protein conjugates of those haptens were employed as immunogens, and novel polyclonal antibodies were produced and ch...