This review focusses on the roles that membrane receptors and their transducers play in the physiology and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. The multifactorial regulation of [correction] mucosal growth and function is discussed in relation to the heterogeneity of exocrine and endocrine populations that originate from progenitor cells in stomach and intestine.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dose-volume metrics under different heterogeneity corrections and the factors associated with local recurrence (LR) after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Eighty-three patients who underwent SBRT for pathologically proven stage I NSCLC were reviewed retrospectively. The prescribed dose was 48 Gy in fo...

At short wavelengths, the attenuation of the radar signal due to precipitation along its path constitutes a major source of error for radar rainfall estimation. The different techniques developed to correct for this attenuation generally assume that the radar sampling volumes are homogeneously filled by rainfall. However, rainfall is highly variable over a large range of scales, and the influen...

We have investigated the combined effect of tissue heterogeneity and its variation associated with geometric error in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for lung cancer. The treatment plans for eight lung cancer patients were calculated using effective path length (EPL) correction and Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms, with both having the same beam configuration for each patient. These two kinds ...

Blood-brain barrier permeability studies made in man using the indicator dilution method revealed that the extraction of the test substance increases during the upslope of the venous (outflow) dilution curve. The present study aimed to obviate the possibility that this could result from intravascular phenomena, such as interlaminar diffusion (the result of differences in molecular size) and ery...

OBJECTIVES to evaluate the heterogeneity of biomedical waste (BW) using Nightingale charts. METHOD cross-sectional study consisting of data collection on wastes (direct observation of receptacles, physical characterisation, and gravimetric composition), development of a Management Information System, and creation of statistical charts. RESULTS the wastes with the greatest degree of heteroge...

Mutational heterogeneity in genes causative of dominantly inherited disorders represents a significant barrier for development of therapies directed towards correction of the primary genetic defect. To circumvent the mutational heterogeneity present in rhodopsin- (RHO-) linked autosomal dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (adRP), a strategy involving suppression and replacement of RHO has been adopte...