The association of the activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand with lumbar disc hermiation. Purpose: Herniated nucleus pulposus fragments are recognized by the immune system as a foreign-body, which results in an autoimmune reaction. Human activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (AITR) and its ligand, AITRL, are important costimulatory molecules in the pathoge...

The results of traditional open surgery for herniated intervertebral disc are often limited by complications and failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). Over the past few decades, a considerable amount of research has been done in the field of minimally invasive procedures as a treatment option for herniated intervertebral disc disease. Ozone disc nucleolysis is one such procedure which has result...

BACKGROUND The phenomenon of the spontaneous disappearance of herniated discs is well known. CASE REPORT The case of a 74-year-old male presenting with a large disc herniation at L5-S1, experiencing moderate sciatic pain, and having the straight-leg-raising test positive at 30 degrees is presented. The disc herniation was documented by computed tomography. He was treated conservatively with m...

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a rare but serious neurosurgical emergency that can have devastating longlasting neurologic consequences. CES caused by herniated lumbar discs is rare in the literature. We report an unusual case of incomplete CES due to lumbar disc herniation. The patient presented to our emergency department with acute onset of low back pain, saddle (perineal) anaesthesia, urina...

BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of oxygen-ozone (O2-O3) injection on thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten herniated discs of five dogs were treated with percutaneous injection of an O2-O3 gas mixture with O3 concentration of 32 microg/microl intradiscally (1.5-2 microl) under fluoroscopy guidance. RESULTS Five weeks after treatment, the...

Thoracic disc herniations are commonly found in asymptomatic individuals, sometimes with genetic predisposition. Congenital fusions of cervical vertebrae occur in Klippel-Feil syndrome, which may be asymptomatic or cause compressive myelitis due to cervical instability or associated herniated discs. We report the case of a 72-year-old man with monophasic acute transverse myelitis probably cause...