The means by which many herbicides kill susceptible plants are presently unknown (1, 3). Although it is not essential to know the mode of action in order to develop and use a herbicide efficiently, the screening processes by which herbicides are discovered are based upon comparative biochemistry. Selective herbicides with low nmammalian toxicity (2) must take advantage of differences in metabol...

Commercial herbicides exhibit many different mechanisms of action. Several enzymes involved in biosynthesis of amino acids are sites of action for herbicides. A large number of different herbicide classes inhibit photosynthesis by binding to the quinone-binding protein, D-1, to prevent photosynthetic electron transfer. Several different types of herbicides apparently cause accumulation of photo...

Weed control is generally considered to be essential for crop production and herbicides have become the main method used for weed control in developed countries. However, concerns about harmful environmental consequences have led to strong pressure on farmers to reduce the use of herbicides. As food demand is forecast to increase by 50% over the next century, an in-depth quantitative analysis o...

Glyphosate-resistant corn and soybean are grown in rotations in the Midwest, including Nebraska. Volunteer corn is a problematic weed in soybean fields because it causes harvest problems, reduces yield and seed quality, and potentially harbors insects, pests, and diseases. Several pre-packaged herbicides have been registered in soybean in recent years, but response of volunteer corn to these he...

The Bradyrhizobium japonicun strains SEMIA 5073, SEMIA 5074, SEMIA 5079 and SEMIA 5080 were grown in vitro using Vincent medium combined with different rates of the herbicides imazaquin (0, 0.04, 0.12, 0.24, 0.36 μg a.i. g), clomazone (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 μg a.i. g) and sulfentrazone (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 μg a.i. g) to evaluate the strains tolerance to herbicides. The three herbicides ...

Tifdwarf bermudagrass (Cynodon sp. (L.) Pers.) sod-plugs were treated with two rates of five herbicides (DCPA, Benefin, Bensulide, Terbutol and Kerb) to determine effects of these chemicals on shoot and root growth. Ap plication rates were those commonly used for weed control and twice this recommended rate. Herbicides were applied on top of the sod and below the sod to simulate surface treatme...

Poaceous weeds are prolific and competitive in winter crops, but they are more insidious in wheat due to their similar morphology and growing requirements. Herbicides are effective and efficient tools of weed management, however, they are vulnerable to resistance, and herbicides with different modes of action might check the dominance of a particular weed flora. The current study was undertaken...

Three laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the side-effects of four common herbicides used to control weeds associated with local crops on egg of the parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens. These herbicides are Glyphosate 48%SL, Bromoxynil 24%EC, Thiobencarb 50% and Clodinafop-propargyl 15%WP. The biological aspects such% parasitism, % adult emergence, sex ratio, developmental period a...

various adjuvants carry out different functions depending on the herbicides types and the target species. outdoor pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of three post-emergence herbicides, namely, clodinafop-propargyl, haloxyfop-p-methyl, and difenzoquat-methyl-sulfate, as influenced by two adjuvants, on wild oat (avena ludoviciana durieu.) control. the study was carried out at ...

Herbicides are detected year-round in marine waters, including those of the World Heritage listed Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The few previous studies that have investigated herbicide persistence in seawater generally reported half-lives in the order of months, and several studies were too short to detect significant degradation. Here we investigated the persistence of eight herbicides commonly d...