The emergence of drug resistant variants of the influenza virus has led to a need to identify novel and effective antiviral agents. As an alternative to synthetic drugs, the consolidation of empirical knowledge with ethnopharmacological evidence of medicinal plants offers a novel platform for the development of antiviral drugs. The aim of this study was to identify plant extracts with proven ac...

Sera were collected from 238 high-school students in Prince Edward Island for the determination of immune status before an anticipated measles outbreak. In addition, history of vaccination status and measles infection was obtained. In the subsequent outbreak, 28 students did contract measles. Specificity for hemagglutination inhibition (HI), antihemolysin (AH), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent a...

Pathogens of veterinary and medical importance were investigated in 240 feral pigeons (Columba livia) captured in warehouses in São Paulo State, Brazil for one year. Rapid serum agglutination test (RST) was performed for the detection of antibodies against Mycoplasma synoviae, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Salmonella Pullorum/ Gallinarum. Positive samples were submitted to hemagglutination inhib...

In Vietnam, numerous surveillance programs are conducted to monitor the prevalence of avian influenza (AI) viruses. Three serological methods-the agar-gel immunodiffusion test, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-are well established for detection of AI virus antibodies in poultry sera. Several recent reports have validated egg yolk as an alternative sou...

Abstract Background H7 subtype avian influenza has caused great concern in the global poultry industry and public health. The conventional serological subtype-specific diagnostics is implemented by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay despite lengthy operation time. In this study, an efficient, rapid high-throughput competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent (cELISA) was developed for detection ...

Rubella virus infection in children or adults results in a self-limited, benign disease characterized by mild upper respiratory symptoms, an erythematous rash, and suboccipital lymphadenopathy. Complications of arthralgia and arthritis which may follow disappearance of the rash are most common in young women. Severe complications occur rarely. Infection of the fetus during the first trimester o...

The seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) among equines was evaluated from January 2006 to December 2009 in 13 different states of India by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and virus neutralization test (VNT). Antibodies against JEV were detected in 327 out of 3,286 (10%) equines with a maximum prevalence reported in the state of Manipur (91.7%) followed by Gujarat (18.5%), M...

It was customary for medical students with some ambition to seek their way to a biomedical research group. I was intrigued by viruses, and virology was one of the few subjects in medical school that I studied with real interest. Next, in late 1966, I was incredibly lucky to meet Antti Vaheri (later Professor of Virology) who had just returned to Finland from the Wistar Institute in Philadelphia...

The nucleoprotein (NP) gene of type B influenza virus was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a patient presenting with ataxia due to cerebellitis. The CSFwas obtained 7 and 9 weeks after flu syndrome occurred, suggesting persistence of viral genes in the central nervous system (CNS). Although an unusually high serum hemaggl...