Ca ions regulate countless biochemical processes, and their levels are therefore tightly controlled in live cells and organisms. In healthy individuals, the concentration of Ca in blood serum is maintained within a narrow range (2.2–2.6 mM), and systemic deviations from these levels bring about a series of undesirable symptoms (Pearce and Thakker, 1997). In brain, however, extra­ cellular Ca le...

This chapter describes a model for visual pattern recognition by pigeons that is an extension of a much more general model for learning and behavior described in earlier chapters in this series (Chase, 1983; Heinemann, 1983a,b). The model we present belongs to the class of template-matching model. The comparison process that may be loosely described as “template matching,” however, this is only...

STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE There are two species of pilot whales in the Western Atlantic — the Atlantic or long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas, and the short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus. These species are difficult to identify to the species level at sea; therefore, some of the descriptive material below refers to Globicephala spp., and is identified as such. The spe...

STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE There are two species of pilot whales in the Western Atlantic — the Atlantic or long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas, and the short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus. These species are difficult to identify to the species level at sea; therefore, some of the descriptive material below refers to Globicephala spp., and is identified as such. The spe...

STOCK DEFINITION AND GEOGRAPHIC RANGE There are two species of pilot whales in the Western Atlantic — the Atlantic or long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas, and the short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus. These species are difficult to identify to the species level at sea; therefore, some of the descriptive material below refers to Globicephala sp., and is identified as such. The spec...