In temperate climates, the cost of providing feed is greater in winter than in other seasons, causing ewes to be fed restricted rations during some periods of pregnancy. Epidemiological information indicates that undernutrition of the fetus may affect its health and performance in later life (i.e., fetal programming), and these effects may be passed between generations. The primary focus of the...

PURPOSE Heavy maternal drinking during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol syndrome, but whether more moderate alcohol consumption is associated with such adverse pregnancy outcomes as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) remains controversial. METHODS Using data from a case-control study, we examined the association between maternal alcohol consumption and risk for IUGR among 701 case and 336 c...

BACKGROUND The intensity categories, or thresholds, currently used for Trichuris trichiura (ie. epg intensities of 1-999 (light); 1,000-9,999 epg (moderate), and ≥ 10,000 epg (heavy)) were developed in the 1980s, when there were little epidemiological data available on dose-response relationships. This study was undertaken to determine a threshold for T. trichiura-associated anemia in pregnant ...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the association of smoking status as a risk factor for reduced initiation and duration of breastfeeding. METHODS: The Missouri Pregnancy Related Assessment and Monitoring System collected a stratified sample of new mothers in 2005. Surveys were mailed, with telephone follow-up, and completed within 2 to 12 months after delivery. Respondents were classified as n...

OBJECTIVE To report a rare case of a cervical heterotopic pregnancy resulting from intrauterine insemination (IUI) that presented with first-trimester bleeding. DESIGN Case report and literature review. SETTING Large university-affiliated infertility practice. PATIENT(S) A 40-year-old gravida 2 para 1 Asian woman at 7-3/7 weeks gestational age following clomiphene citrate/IUI for the trea...

This case-control study in Shiraz aimed to determine the relationship between parental smoking and childhood cancer. A questionnaire was completed by the mothers of 98 children newly diagnosed with cancer before the age of 14 years and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. Maternal smoking (prior to and during pregnancy and after the birth), and the numbers of maternal cigarettes smoked were not a...

The subjects in this study were outpatients in the Department of Obsterics and Gynecology who had no family history of diabetes, no history of previous heavyfor-date births, stillbirths or neonatal deaths of unknown causes, no history of hydramnious or severee toxicosis of pregnancy, no obesity of 20% or more above standard body weight, and who had neither hydramnious or severe toxicosis pregna...

In a case-control study undertaken in several hospitals in Connecticut, it was found that women who reported smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day during pregnancy had a relative risk of about 1.6 for congenital malformations in the offspring of that pregnancy compared with women who said they had not smoked at all during pregnancy. However, there was no significant increase in risk among women...

Uterine fibroids are considered to be the most frequent female benign tumours. Fibroids affect mainly women of reproductive age. The most frequently reported signs and symptoms of fibroids include disturbances of the menstrual cycle such as heavy bleeding and painful menstruation, pelvic masses associated with pelvic pain, urinary problems or constipation, as well as infertility and recurrent p...