The majority of global petroleum is in the form of highly viscous heavy oil. Traditionally heavy oil in sands at shallow depths is accessed by large scale mining activities. Recently steam has been used to allow heavy oil extraction with greatly reduced surface disturbance. However, in situ thermal recovery processes can generate hydrogen sulphide, high levels of which are toxic to humans and c...

A heavy crude oil has been treated with deuterated alkylating reagents (CD₃I and C₂D₅I) and directly analyzed without any prior fractionation and chromatographic separation by high-field Orbitrap Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI). The reaction of a polycyclic aromatic sulfur ...

The aim of this study was to explore the heavy-metal resistance and hydrocarbonoclastic potential of microorganisms in a hypersaline soil. For this, hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms were counted on a mineral medium with oil vapor as a sole carbon source in the presence of increasing concentrations of ZnSO4, HgCl2, CdSO4, PbNO3, CuSO4, and Na2HAsO4. The colony-forming units counted decreased i...

Gas injection into heavy oil reservoirs could result in high ultimate recovery of oil. Experimental studies showed that an application of a combined technology of Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) and Vapor Extraction (VAPEX) could increase final oil recovery of a candidate viscous oil reservoir. In this paper the results of laboratory investigation are presented, including Pressure-Volu...

In this work, the dispersion of butane in heavy oil and bitumen is experimentally determined during the Vapex process with varying drainage heights. The experiments were performed at room temperature (22 o C) using butane as solvent at the dew point pressure. We used cylindrical models with different heights varying from 15 to 45 cm, packed with uniform mixture of heavy oil and glass beads. Fro...

background and purpose: determination of heavy metals in oils is necessary to establish quality standards on a country level. this study aimed to determine of heavy metal contents (cr, ni, as, cd, hg, pb, sb, sn, sr, al) in 12 seed oil samples in iran by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (icp-oes). materials and methods: the concentrations of heavy metal were determined b...

purpose: to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes of using heavy silicone oil as an internal tamponade for complicated cases of retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy involving inferior retinal quadrants methods: 55 eyes from 55 patients with complicated retinal detachments enrolled in this interventional case series study. all eyes underwent standard three...

background bivalves have been used to study pollution level caused by heavy metals due to their biological characteristics. bahrakan region includes bahrakansar, hendijan, norouz and soroush oil fields, and current information regarding sea management, especially from the protective aspect is very little. objectives this study aimed to assess region pollution with heavy metals. for this purpose...

BACKGROUND Biodegradation is a cheap and environmentally friendly process that could breakdown and utilizes heavy crude oil (HCO) resources. Numerous bacteria are able to grow using hydrocarbons as a carbon source; however, bacteria that are able to grow using HCO hydrocarbons are limited. In this study, HCO degrading bacteria were isolated from an Omani heavy crude oil field. They were then id...