Increased prices for nonrenewable heating fuels (such as propane, heating oil, and natural gas) have residential and farm consumers seeking more sustainable solutions to their heating needs. Price increases among these fuels will remain a trend as a combination of decreased reserves and increased demand continues to limit supply (EIA, 2012). Pellets produced from abundant biomass sources—such a...

Existing district heating networks (DHNs) are often designed for relatively high temperatures, typically 80–120 °C supply and 40–60 return. The transformation of such high-temperature DHNs (HTDHNs) into more efficient low-temperature (LTDHN) towards the 4th generation is associated with great complexity effort. This paper discusses integration sub-LTDHNs return flow existing HTDHNs, thereby cre...

The space heating in residential buildings accounts for a considerable amount of the primary energy use. Therefore, understanding the operation and performance of space heating systems becomes crucial in improving occupant comfort while reducing energy use. This study investigated the behavior of occupants adjusting their thermostat settings and heating system operations in a 62-unit affordable...

Jonsson, A. 2006. Planning for Increased Bioenergy use – Strategies for Minimising Environmental Impacts and Analysing the Consequences. Licentiate thesis. ISSN 1651-0720 There are several goals aimed at increasing the use of renewable energy in the Swedish energy system. Bioenergy is one important renewable energy source and there is a potential to increase its use in the future. This thesis a...

In this article, some diagnostic systems and the preliminary results of the IR-T1** (Iran-Tokamak 1) are presented. Different diagnostic methods, including an array of soft X-ray detectors, visible spectrometer, electron cyclotron emission detector and electromagnetic measurement systems have been used and the hard disruptive instability occurring in the IR-T1 plasma during an ohmic heating...

in this article, some diagnostic systems and the preliminary results of the ir-t1** (iran-tokamak 1) are presented. different diagnostic methods, including an array of soft x-ray detectors, visible spectrometer, electron cyclotron emission detector and electromagnetic measurement systems have been used and the hard disruptive instability occurring in the ir-t1 plasma during an ohmic heating dis...