A durability assessment of a weld joint needs the knowledge of residual stresses and distortion (Ref. 1). Thermal cycle history during welding is a necessary input for simulation of residual stresses. Many investigators have studied heat flow during arc welding analytically, numerically, and experimentally (Refs. 2–6). Analytical methods developed are capable of computing temperature distributi...

If two thermally conducting bodies are in sliding contact, the frictional heat generated at the interfaces causes thermoelastic distortion which profoundly influences the extent of the contact area and the distribution of contact stress [1]. This phenomenon now known as thermoelastic instability has been observed experimentally in a wide range of practical sliding systems [2, 3]. Several theore...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to compare the inhibitory effect of heat-killed candida albicans and dentin powder on the antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine (chx) against enterococcus faecalis and streptococcus sanguis . materials and methods: the antibacterial effect of each group was determined by measuring the zone of inhibition diameter in millimeters after incubation at 37...

the main objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of short- term exposure of japanese quail eggs to acute high incubation temperature on embryonic development and on the ability of post- hatched chicks to cope with subsequent heat stress conditions during the growing period. a total of 998 japanese quail eggs were divided into two groups, the first group (470 eggs) was maintained at ...

Fouling is a common, fundamental and costly problem in heat transfer systems, which reduces thermal efficiency of equipment, increases the energy loss and causes strong damage to the heat transfer equipment in various industries. The main causes of fouling on the heat transfer surfaces are salts with inverse temperature-solubility in the fluid which calcium sulfate is one of the most important ...

an investigation has been carried out on the temperature of a biscuit on the cooling line of razavi food industries company. for thispurpose, the time variations of biscuit’s top surface temperature in traveling from oven to packing station on the conveyor packing station by conveyors has been studied. the fourier field equation for transient heat transfer is used as the basis for the determini...

longitudinal heat conduction is an important parameter in the cryogenic field, especially in cryogenic heat exchangers. in the present work, the parasitic effect of tube wall longitudinal heat conduction on temperature measurement has been studied in cryogenic laminar hydrogen flow. the effects of various parameters such as wall cold end temperature, wall thermal conductivity, gas volumetric fl...

background: heat stress is a common and usual problem in industries. several indices, including wet bulb globe temperature (wbgt), are used to evaluate heat stress. however, wbgt index has limitations such as high cost and response time. it is not thus suitable as a screening tool. heat strain scoring index (hssi) is also an observational-judgmental technique that has been developed for primary...

The effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-induced continuously varying thermal gradients on sound ray propagation were modeled theoretically. This modeling was based on Fermat's variational principle of least time for rays propagating in a continuously varying thermal gradient described by a radially symmetric heat equation. Such thermal lenses dynamically affect HIFU beam focusin...