Although both the academic and policy communities have attached great importance to measuring corruption, most of the currently available measures are biased and too broad to test theory or guide policy. This article proposes a new composite indicator of grand corruption based on a wide range of elementary indicators. These indicators are derived from a rich qualitative evidence on public procu...

The article discusses the possible reasons for growth of corruption in context a pandemic and current methods struggle. three most vulnerable areas activity are identified: field public procurement (the healthcare system is considered detail), bribery provision services, development small mediumsized businesses at present time. Also some important indicators index perception corruption, level f...

http://www.avehjournal.org doi:10.4102/aveh.v74i1.18 The National Health Insurance (NHI) is an important development that underpins democracy in South Africa. It aims to redress the inequities of public healthcare delivery by implementing transformational policies towards establishing inclusive public healthcare coverage for the entire population of South Africa, with more emphasis on health pr...

This paper analyses the anti-corruption activities of 24 transition countries in the period 1999-2002. These activities are divided into omnibus anti-corruption programmes, legislative reform aimed at tackling corruption, and adherence to international anti-corruption conventions. The paper presents a new measure for determining the extent of anti-corruption activity undertaken in these three c...

This paper analyses the anti-corruption activities of 24 transition countries in the period 1999-2002. These activities are divided into omnibus anti-corruption programmes, legislative reform aimed at tackling corruption, and adherence to international anti-corruption conventions. The paper presents a new measure for determining the extent of anti-corruption activity undertaken in these three c...

There has been slow progress with finding practical solutions to health systems corruption, a topic that has long languished in policy-makers “too difficult tray.” Efforts to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) provide a new imperative for addressing the long-standing problem of corruption in health systems making fighting corruption at all levels and in all its for...

This paper is aimed to analyze the multiple forms and faces of corruption, its typology and levels. The analysis begins reviewing a typology categorizing political corruption, economic corruption and public administration corruption and showing some examples of typologies, establishing the levels of corruption and indicating where can be encountered. It is concluded that corruption is just as m...

More than 80% of the world population lives in low-income countries. One of the major problems facing low-income countries is corruption. Corruption can be defined as abuse of trust and intentional violation of duty, motivated by gaining personal advantage, from a party in need of a decision or service by a public servant [1]. In many low-income nations, corruption exists at all levels and affe...