In this study, changes in some chemical compositions associated with fruit quality and enzymatic activities were investigated during ripening of hawthorn fruits from the 88th to 148th day after full bloom day (from August 11 to October 10, 2013). Significant differences in these indices were found between different maturation stages as well as hawthorn cultivars. During ripening of hawthorn fru...

With the determination of biological activity different components in chemistry propolis, its importance has increased day by and use field integrative medicine become widespread. Propolis is not used crude form due to physical properties, it have be extracted. The type solvent extraction process very important for efficiency propolis. Solvents commonly propolis extraction; are water, ethanol m...

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder. Various constituents including flavonoids with biological activities including free radical scavenging, anti-lipoperoxidation and anti-inflammatory have been isolated from hawthorn. Due to adverse effect of PCOS on ovarian vascular remodeling as well as PCOS-induced oxidative stress, we aimed to study the hawthorn’s berri...

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a major cause of comorbidity in patients with implied conditions. Identifying the risk factors associated UTI is crucial to control severe outcome. In this study, we aim at determining UTI, and identifying most causative pathogens. addition, assessing sensitivity antibiotics on common strains causing evaluating antibacterial activity natural hawthorn extract v...

The medicinal properties of hawthorn (Crataegus spp., a genus comprising approximately 300 species) have been utilized by many cultures for a variety of therapeutic purposes for many centuries. In the Western world cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the single most significant causes of premature death. Echoing this situation, more recent research into the therapeutic benefits of ha...

In this investigation, two species of Crataegus (hawthorn) were chosen because their polyphenolic constituents have recently received greater attention for the treatment of patients with severe heart disease. One-year-old plants of hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata and C. monogyna) were subjected to water-deficit (continuous water deprivation), cold (4 degrees C), flooding (immersion of roots of pl...

Whether phytophagous insects can speciate in sympatry when they shift and adapt to new host plants is a controversial question. One essential requirement for sympatric speciation is that disruptive selection outweighs gene flow between insect populations using different host plants. Empirical support for host-related selection (i.e., fitness trade-offs) is scant, however. Here, we test for host...