abstract objective: to present the changes in projected thoracic hypokyphosis and the behavior of lumbar lordosis within and below the fusion and to compare these changes between the harrington rod (hr) and posterior multisegmented hook instrumentation. methods: 178 patients with idiopathic scoliosis, who had undergone posterior spinal fusion with harrington technique (106 patients) or multiseg...

We prove from the existence of a Mahlo cardinal the consistency of the statement that 2ω = ω3 holds and every stationary subset of ω2∩cof(ω) reflects to an ordinal less than ω2 with cofinality ω1. Let us say that stationary set reflection holds at ω2 if for any stationary set S ⊆ ω2∩cof(ω), there is an ordinal α ∈ ω2∩cof(ω1) such that S∩α is stationary in α (that is, S reflects to α). In a clas...

Harrington rods are a valuable adjunct for fusion of the lumbosacral spine. Major limits of distractions are achieved with these rods. Greater amounts of decompression are possible. Decompression, alignment, and stability are maintained. Intersegmental wiring increases security and eliminates the problem of hook and rod displacement and loss of lumbar lordosis. A variety of methods are availabl...

In This document, we give a proof of the Martin-Harrington theorem, which says that for a real x, x] exists if and only all Π1(x) games are determined. The presentation follows that in Martin’s Determinacy monograph, and is as self-contained as possible. We do, however assume some knowledge of determinacy and the theory of sharps for sets of ordinals. 1. From Sharps to Determinacy In this secti...

Abstract We consider two recent conjectures made by Harrington, Henninger-Voss, Karhadkar, Robinson and Wong concerning relationships between the sum index, difference index exclusive number of graphs. One conjecture posits an exact relationship first invariants; we show that in fact predicted value may be arbitrarily far from truth either direction. In process establish some new bounds on both...