OBJECTIVES To compare the cost-effectiveness (CE) of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2015 and the WHO 2013 diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). SETTING The analysis was from the perspective of the National Health Service in England and Wales. PARTICIPANTS 6221 patients from four of the Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (HAPO...

OBJECTIVE The Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study found strong associations between higher levels of maternal glucose at 24-32 weeks, within what is currently considered normoglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between first-trimester fasting plasma glucose level and adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Char...

BACKGROUND Altitude illness is a relevant threat to the life and health of participants in mountaineering expeditions. AIM To determine if impedance cardiography (ICG) can be used in noninvasive monitoring of haemodynamic disturbances at high altitude. METHODS The study was performed in a group of 13 participants of two mountaineering expeditions in the Himalayas. The ICG examination was pe...

1. In the RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS section of the abstract, the sentence was corrected to read: “Targeted metabolic assays were performed on cord blood plasma samples from European ancestry, Afro-Caribbean, Thai, and Mexican American newborns (400 from each ancestry group) whose mothers participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse PregnancyOutcome (HAPO) Study andwho had anthropometric meas...

n engl j med 362;4 nejm.org january 28, 2010 367 (HAPO) study.3,4 Fifteen institutional review boards approved our protocol, and none rejected the trial on ethical grounds. In addition, an independent data and safety monitoring committee regularly reviewed the trial. Some participants would not even have met the criteria for gestational diabetes (more evidence of clinical equipoise). We strongl...

In the US, the most common practice for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening is a 2-step process: an initial 1-h (50 g) glucose tolerance test (GTT) done at 24 –28 weeks, followed by a confirmatory 3-h (100 g) GTT (fasting, 1-h, 2-h, and 3-h measurements) (1 ). On the assumption of a 1% rate of pre-GDM and the fact that 10% of pregnant women will be of “low risk” and thus not require s...

OBJECTIVE To report frequencies of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among the 15 centers that participated in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study using the new International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test between 24 and 32 weeks' gest...

Makala hii inakusudiwa kutalii jinsi gereza ilivyotumiwa kama msingi wa kuendeleza maudhui katika riwaya ya Haini Shafi Adam Shafi. Aidha, inapania kudhihirisha jamii kigereza yanavyobainika kuambatana na sifa zinazotambuliwa Michael Foucault ambaye ni mwasisi nadharia Ki-Foucault inayoongoza uhakiki huu. Aghalabu msanii fasihi huchota malighafi yake kutokana anamokulia pamoja tajriba inayoongo...