Although experts should be well positioned to convey their superior knowledge and skill to novices, the organization of that knowledge, and particularly its level of abstraction, may make it difficult for them to do so. Using an electronic circuit-wiring task, the authors found that experts as compared with beginners used more abstract and advanced statements and fewer concrete statements when ...

What is the role of expertise in evaluating creative products? Novices and experts do not assess creativity similarly, indicating domain-specific knowledge’s role in judging creativity. We describe two studies that examined how “quasi-experts” (people who have more experience in a domain than novices but also lack recognized standing as experts) compared with novices and experts in rating creat...

The goal of this study was to explore how designated experts (subject experts with extensive experience in science education and concept mapping) and novices (pre-service teachers) establish concept map (CM) development processes while considering their cognitive processes. Two experiments were conducted in which eye-tracking, written, and verbal data were collected from 29 novices and 6 subjec...

The cortical structural and functional differences in athletes and novices were investigated with a cross-sectional paradigm. We measured the gray matter volumes and resting-state functional connectivity in 21 basketball players and 21 novices with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. It was found that gray matter volume in the left anterior insula (AI), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in...

Most comparative studies of performance in psychodiagnostic classification contrast novices with very experienced clinicians, and do not include a group with an intermediate level of experience. We describe an empirical study involving 41 clinicians with three levels of experience. We asked novices, intermediates, and very experienced psychodiagnosticians to give the diagnostic (DSM) classifica...

This eye-tracking study investigates how novice and expert teachers' noticing of classroom management events differs in two formats instruction. 20 novices experts participated the study, watching short video clips whole-group partner work teaching situations. Their retrospective verbal reports were analyzed for identified as note-worthy along with their allocation visual attention indicators n...

When viewing a painting, artists perceive more information from the painting on the basis of their experience and knowledge than art novices do. This difference can be reflected in eye scan paths during viewing of paintings. Distributions of scan paths of artists are different from those of novices even when the paintings contain no figurative object (i.e. abstract paintings). There are two pos...

Introduction Both curvilinear and phased array transducers are commonly used to perform lung ultrasound (LUS). This study seeks compare LUS interpretation accuracy of images obtained using a transducer with those transducer. Methods We invited 166 internists trainees interpret 16 images/cineloops eight patients in an online survey: array, performed on the same location. Images depicted normal l...