a dot immunobinding assay ( dia) was used for a quantitative and qualitative assay of rubella antibody. purified antigen and conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin (rahlg) were prepared. nitrocellulose paper dotted with the antigen was added to serially diluted sera or blood samples. the reacting antibodies were visualized by a peroxidase system. development of a colored insoluble substrate was t...

West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic, emerging mosquito-borne which can cause severe disease in the form of encephalitis and acute flaccid paralysis humans. In Assam, northeast India, arboviruses seem to be re-emerging, however, WNV has been little studied. The present investigation was carried out from April, 2018 March, 2019 study sero-positivity chicken urban peri-urban areas Guwahati, capita...

A hospital-based cross sectoral serological study was undertaken in Chittagong metropolitan city – the second largest city in Bangladesh to assess the current receptivity of the country for DF/DHF, using the haemagglutination inhibition test (HI). Samples were taken from the suspected cases of dengue infection following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 253 paired samples was col...

BACKGROUND Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 attracts particular attention because of the risk of their potential pathogenicity in poultry. The haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test is widely used as subtype specific test for serological diagnostics despite the laborious nature of this method. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are being explored as an alternativ...

an experimental inactivated oil-emulsion h9n2 avian influenza vaccine was formulated with 3 parts ofinactivated avian influenza antigen a/chicken/iran/101/1998(h9n2) emulsified in 7 parts of oil adjuvant.twelve week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) chickens were divided into seven groups of 10 birds. sixgroups were vaccinated with 1, 1/10th, 1/50th, 1/100th, 1/200th and 1/400th field dose of th...

Serological techniques commonly used to quantify influenza-specific antibodies include the Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI), Single Radial Haemolysis (SRH) and Virus Neutralization (VN) assays. HI and SRH are established and reproducible techniques, whereas VN is more demanding. Every new influenza vaccine needs to fulfil the strict criteria issued by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in ord...

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is widespread among swine. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of loosely housed sow herds in Finland with at least one animal with high (infection level) PPV antibodies and to gather basic knowledge about vaccination practices. In addition, selected factors associated with high antibody levels found in sows were examined. Altogether, 247 animals were sampled ...

Seroreactivity to H3N2 swine influenza viruses (SIVs)was evaluated in serum samples collected from 843 people aged 0 to 100 years in 2010 in Luxembourg.Sera were analysed by haemagglutination inhibition(HI) and virus neutralisation (VN) assays targeting a European H3N2 SIV, a North American H3N2 variant of swine origin (H3N2v) and human seasonal H3N2 viruses isolated in 1975, 1995 and 2005. HI ...

BACKGROUND Antibodies against equine influenza virus (EIV) are traditionally quantified by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) or single radial haemolysis (SRH). OBJECTIVES To evaluate an ELISA for the detection of antibodies against influenza nucleoprotein in the diagnosis and surveillance of equine influenza (EI). METHODS The ELISA was compared with the SRH and HI tests. Serial serum sample...