The elastic-plastic fracture toughness JIc tests by the stretched zone method were performed to obtain JIc values for machine structural steels. The validity of the JIc values obtained was evaluated, and the effects of the heat treatment conditions and microstructure of steels on the JIc values were investigated by use of streched zone width, SZW. The results obtained are summarized as follows....

SEM in-situ investigations of the micromechanisms of damage initiation and fracture in tool steels are described. The critical state of the material and the damage growth were observed in the tests. It was shown that the initial microcracks in the steels are formed in primary carbides and then join together. A hierarchical finite element model of damage initiation, which included a macroscopic ...

Hisham Mohammed, I. Alasdair Russell, Rory Stark, Oscar M. Rueda, Theresa E. Hickey, Gerard A. Tarulli, Aurelien A. A. Serandour, Stephen N. Birrell, Alejandra Bruna, Amel Saadi, Suraj Menon, James Hadfield, Michelle Pugh, Ganesh V. Raj, Gordon D. Brown, Clive D’Santos, Jessica L. L. Robinson, Grace Silva, Rosalind Launchbury, Charles M. Perou, John Stingl, Carlos Caldas, Wayne D. Tilley and Ja...

The understanding of the hardenability is important in steel development with respect to weldability of steels as well as to the design of quenched and tempered steels. The common way to judge if steel is suitability to welding is the use of a carbon equivalent, which reflects the alloy content to the hardenability of the heat affected zone (HAZ). Most common of these equivalents is the IIW car...

Adding a large amount of light elements such as aluminum to steels is not a new concept recalling that several Fe-Al-Mn-C alloys were patented in 1950s for replacement of nickel or chromium in corrosion resistance steels. However, the so-called lightweight steels or low-density steels were revisited recently, which is driven by demands from the industry where steel has served as a major structu...

This work considers use neurofuzzy set theory for estimate abrasion wear resistance of steels based on chemical composition, heat treatment (austenitising temperature, quenchant and tempering temperature), hardness after hardening and different tempering temperature and volume loss of materials according to ASTM G 65-94. Testing of volume loss for the following group of materials as fuzzy data ...

A computational approach to the optimization of service properties of two-phase materials (in this case, fracture resistance of tool steels) by varying their microstructure is developed. The main points of the optimization of steels are as follows: (1) numerical simulation of crack initiation and growth in real microstructures of materials with the use of the multiphase finite elements (MPFE) a...

(a) A bacterisemia due to a variety of organisms or ?^e specific organism. Rosenow1 found a pleomorphous diphtheroid, Finger2 a streptococcus, Manzer a staPhylocOCCus. Hadfield and Symes could find no ?rganisms in the nodules they examined. (^) A focal streptococcal infection of the teeth, nsils or nasal sinuses (Connell3). (c) An allergic manifestation of one or more diseases, '9' acute rheuma...

in this study, the four cr-mn-(ni-free) austenitic steels were fabricated by vacuum induction furnace. then plates with 10 mm thickness were fabricated by hot-rolling. corrosion behaviour of the four cr-mn steels in 0.1 m h2so4 solution was investigated using by open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (eis). the results indicated that the...