conclusions it can be concluded that subjects receiving ea intraoperatively experienced less pain and ponv. hence, it is plausible that ea has an opioid-sparing effect and can reduce ponv. results the mean nrs was 2.75 (sd = 2.34) at 30 minutes and 2.25 (sd = 1.80) at 2 hours postoperatively in the ea group that was significantly lower than the mean nrs in the control group as 4.50 (sd = 2.37) ...

Problem identification: Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) may be the next evolution in minimally invasive gynaecological surgery. vNOTES is a modernised vaginal approach to accessing peritoneal cavity that combines benefits of laparoscopic and traditional techniques. While much has been written about technicalities this procedure, aim review look at through p...

BACKGROUND The analgesic action of oxycodone is of rapid onset, in contrast to morphine, and is mediated by kappa-opioid receptors of the spinal cord. We compared analgesia and side-effects of epidural oxycodone with those of morphine after gynaecological surgery. METHODS We studied prospectively in 75 women in a double-blind, randomized manner: epidural morphine 6 mg day(-1) (n=25), epidural...