A RFID group scanning protocol enables a RFID reader to produce a proof of co-existence of multiple RFID tags. This type of protocol is also referred to as yoking-proof, grouping-proof and co-existence proof. In this letter, we show that all of the previous group scanning protocols are vulnerable to relay attack. key words: yoking-proof, grouping-proof, co-existence-proof, relay attack

Spectrum is a valuable, scarce and finite natural resource that is needed for many different applications, so efficient use of the scarce radio spectrum is important for accommodating the rapid growth of wireless communications. Spectrum auctions are one of the best-known market-based solutions to improve the efficiency of spectrum use. However, Spectrum auctions are fundamentally differen...

escherichia coli (e. coli) is a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrates, including humans. phylogenetic analysis has shown that e. coli is composed of four main phylogenetic groups (a, b1, b2 and d). group a and b1 are generally associated with commensals, whereas group b2 is associated with extra-intestinal pathotypes. most enteropathogenic isolates, however, are assigne...

background: the emergence and propagation of different phylogenetic groups of antimicrobial-resistant e. coli have become a worldwide health concern in human and veterinary medicine. therefore, the evaluation of the phylogenetic distribution of antibiotic-resistant e. coli is important for therapeutic and economic purposes. the aims of this study were to determine phylogenetic groups and patter...

Well logs are principal sources of subsurface geological information. They provide significant information on mineralogical composition, texture, sedimentary structures and petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability. By compiling data from various well logs, one can discriminate sedimentary units with comparable log characteristics. Sedimentary units with similar fluid flow and ...

phylogenetic analysis has shown that escherichia coli is composed of four main phylogenetic groups (a, b1, b2 and d). characterization of phylogenetic groups is of clinical interest, as group a and b1 generally associated with commensals, whereas most enteropathogenic isolates are assigned to group d, and group b2 is associated with extra-intestinal pathotype. one hundred e. coli strains recove...

When referring to a target object in a visual scene, speakers are assumed to consider certain distractor objects that are visible to be more relevant than others. However, previous research that has tested this assumption has mainly applied offline measures of visual attention, such as the occurrence of overspecification in speakers’ target descriptions. Therefore, in the current study, we take...