The "cock-a-doodle-doo" crowing of roosters, which symbolizes the break of dawn in many cultures, is controlled by the circadian clock. When one rooster announces the break of dawn, others in the vicinity immediately follow. Chickens are highly social animals, and they develop a linear and fixed hierarchy in small groups. We found that when chickens were housed in small groups, the top-ranking ...

The aim of this research is to assess which therapeutic factors are of greatest importance to patients in group analytic psychotherapy, and whether the patients' characteristics and the phase of the group process influenced their evaluation of therapeutic factors. The Yalom's group therapeutic factors questionnaire was filled out by 66 patients, members of small groups conducted according to gr...

The weighted geometric mean ordering vector and logarithmic least squares are proposed to aggregate information of decision makers to generate weight vector from uncertainty comparison matrices in uncertain group AHP model. Especially, when the judgment matrices are incomplete, the latter can be developed to derive priorities under the condition of minimal deviation. Some concepts in uncertaint...

We present a machine learning approach for the task of ranking previously answered questions in a question repository with respect to their relevance to a new, unanswered reference question. The ranking model is trained on a collection of question groups manually annotated with a partial order relation reflecting the relative utility of questions inside each group. Based on a set of meaning and...

We present the notion of Ranking for evaluation of two-class classifiers. Ranking is based on using the ordering information contained in the output of a scoring model, rather than just setting a classification threshold. Using this ordering information, we can evaluate the model's performance with regard to complex goal functions, such as the cor rect identification of the k most likely and/or...

To determine who fathers the offspring in wild mountain gorilla groups containing more than one adult male silverback, we genotyped nearly one-fourth (n = 92) of the mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) living in the Virunga Volcanoes region of Africa. Paternity analysis of 48 offspring born into four groups between 1985 and 1999 revealed that, although all infants were sired by within...

Brown capuchins give distinct calls upon encountering food. Based on studies on other species that point at divisibility of food and audience as critical variables, we predicted that capuchins would adjust their food calling for both the amount of food and the nature of their audience. We predicted that the foodassociated call serves to attract conspecifics in certain conditions. Twelve female ...

Decision-making, as a way to discover the preference of ranking, has been used in various fields. However, owing to the uncertainty in group decision-making, how to rank alternatives by incomplete pairwise comparisons has become an open issue. In this paper, an improved method is proposed for ranking of alternatives by incomplete pairwise comparisons using Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and in...