many serious accidents have happened in the world, in which systems have been large-scale and complex, and caused heavy damage and a social sense of instability. furthermore, advanced nations have almost finished public infrastructure and rushed into a maintenance period. since maintenance is more important than production and construction, then more maintenance for environmental considerations...

background and purpose: according to developments related to the relative autonomy of universities and acquired extensive powers by the board of trustees of universities of medical sciences and healthcare services in a twenty-year perspective of country and in the context of the fourth and fifth socio-economic cultural development of country, necessity of developing financial and transactional ...

This chapter presents a set of principles for the use of Grounded Theory techniques in qualitative field studies. Some issues and controversies relating to rigor in Grounded Theory generation are discussed. These include: inductive theory generation and emergence, how theoretical saturation may be judged, the extent to which coding schemes should be formalized, the objectivistsubjectivist debat...

desertification is recognized as a serious environmental threat in iran because of its climatic-geomorphologicconditions. desertification and land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid regions, is a globalenvironmental problem. accurate assessment of the status and trend of desertification is instrumental in developingglobal strategies to prevent and reverse this problem. the goal o...

Nurses seek to understand better what practicing with wisdom means and how to apply wisdom to practice; however, the experience of wisdom in nursing has not been well defined or researched. This study was designed to understand how emergency department (ED) nurses construct the meaning of wisdom within the culture of clinical nursing practice. Using Charmaz's constructivist grounded theory meth...