In this article we analyze an informed firm's choice of financial structure when the financing contract is observed not only by the capital market but also by a second uninformed party, such as a competing firm. The informed firm's gross profit is endogenous, because the second party's action depends on the transaction it observes between the informed firm and the capital market. The main resul...

The optimal management contract is derived in an environment in which a manager can influence the distribution of earnings through an unobservable effort decision, only the manager observes actual earnings, and the manager can engage in costly reported earnings manipulation. The manager's compensation is required to satisfy an ex ante participation constraint that reflects the cost of effort an...

In the modern digitalised era, total number of businesses and organisations utilising crowdsourcing services has risen, leading to an increase their website traffic. this way, there is plenty space for marketers strategists capitalise big data from both own crowdsourcer’s websites. This can lead a comprehension factors affecting brand name, sustainability (gross profit) consequently visitor inf...

The relationship of hospital ownership and service composition to hospital charges was examined for 456 general acute hospitals in California. Ancillary services had higher profit margins, both gross and net profits, than daily hospital services. Ancillary services accounted for 55.3 percent of total patient revenue. Charges per day were 23 percent higher for ancillary services than for daily h...

There are approximately 1.4 million non-profit organizations in the United States (The Urban Institute, 2006). The non-profit sector currently accounts for 5.2% of gross domestic product in the United States, reporting $1.4 trillion dollars in revenue and $1.3 trillion dollars in assets and employing 9 percent of the country’s workforce (The Urban Institute, 2006). The nonprofit sector is extre...

This study was conducted with the aim of explaining effect gross profit, operating profit and net in predicting future cash flows mining companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2019. The population this were 49 sampling technique used purposive so that sample 13 StockExchange data analysis uses panel regression Eviews 9 program. results show partially has no flows, an income influenti...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic feasibility producing copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles using green synthesis method on an industrial scale for 10 years by evaluating from engineering and perspective. Various parameters are used analyze viability, including Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Cumulative Net Present Value (CNPV), Payback Period (PBP), as well variations in sales, ta...