This paper explores a relatively new methodology, the directional distance function method, to analyze productivity growth. The method explicitly evaluates the role undesirable outputs of the economy, such as carbon dioxide and other green-house gases, have on the frontier production process which we specify as a piece-wise linear and convex boundary function. We decompose productivity growth i...

Climate change has become a global issue that requires collective efforts, and green finance policies are an important way to address this problem promote enterprise development. This paper uses listed company data city panel investigate the utility mechanisms of influence development in different cities on Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) enterprises. The conclusion was can improve GTFP,...

 Growth in the productivity of staple nontradable food production is associated with consumption increases or poverty reduction across a number of settings, although the study of these relationships is complicated by the specific market dynamics that determine food prices. The relationship between productivity growth in tradable or export-oriented production and poverty alleviation is less cle...

This paper models the firm’s production process as a system of simultaneous technologies for desirable and undesirable outputs. Desirable outputs are produced by transforming inputs via the conventional transformation function, whereas (consistent with the material balance condition) undesirable outputs are by-produced via the so-called “residual generation technology”. By separating the produc...

Use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for the benefits of agriculture is gaining worldwide importance and acceptance and appears to be the trend for the future. PGPR are bioresources which may be viewed as a novel and potential tool for providing substantial benefits to the agriculture. These beneficial, free-living bacteria enhance emergence, colonize roots, stimulate growth and e...

The green revolution fulfilled the food demand of crowded millions. From the time of green revolution to till date high yielding and fertilizer responsive varieties have evolved to increase the production per unit area. To improve the productivity only major nutrients are concentrated almost in all crops. Though the importance of micronutrient realized during past decades in most of the crops b...

Rates of grazing on phytoplankton by macrozooplankton (cladocerans and copepods > 220 μm in length) and microzooplankton (animals < 220 μm, mostly rotifers and nauplii) were determined for Lake Champlain on three occasions using a modified version of the Lehman-Sandgren method. Gradients in grazer density were created in fertilized cubitainers incubated in situ, and clearance rates on specific ...

The economy’s improvement through industrial success is also leading to environmental problems such as the production of greenhouse gases and other chemicals. Since global warming has caught attention researchers authorities, issues are receiving more attention. In this vein, pressure sustainable development goals explains status corporate development. Particularly, green practices including in...