An important issue in the cellular industry is the rising energy cost and carbon footprint due to the rapid expansion of the cellular infrastructure. Greening cellular networks has thus attracted attention. Among the promising green cellular network techniques, the renewable energy-powered cellular network has drawn increasing attention as a critical element towards reducing carbon emissions du...

Policy interest in renewable energy technologies has been gathering momentum for the past several decades, and increased incentives and funding for renewable energy are often described as the panacea for a variety of issues ranging from environmental quality to national security to green job creation. Sizable policies and programs have been implemented worldwide to encourage a transition from f...

In the European energy policy debate, tradable green certificates (TGC) have been suggested to be a superior regulatory framework for promoting the diffusion of renewable energy technologies. The purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of the Swedish TGC system, contributing to the European debate on the suitability of different types of frameworks. The expectations of the TGC system...

The assessment of capacity credits for wind energy and the value interpretation is reviewed critically. It is shown that the electricity market values the contribution to system reliability with market prices in a more precise way. This requires that markets for ancillary services exist and are based on price spike incentives given by the regulator. Price signals sent out by markets to investor...

In order to achieve self-sufficiency, increasing national milk production is a priority of the Algerian government. This will increase on-farm demand for electricity supplied primarily from fossil fuels, which contribute to the emissions of greenhouse gases and accelerate climate change. Hence, there is a need for promoting the use of renewable energy and low carbon technologies for the sustain...

In recent years, energy predicament and environmental problems in the world caused by fossil fuels combustion make us to pay serious attention to optimizing energy consumption and using renewable energies. One of the potential renewable energies which can be helpful in electricity generation is harness wind and water energy or using these two kinds of energy simultaneously. In this study, to pr...

The main conclusions with regard to the design of Tradable Green Certificate (TGCs) systems for the penetration of renewable energy are as follows. Any design of a national promotion system based on TGCs should: • Provide substantial pressure to actors in the market without making it impossible to reach their goals. • Provide sufficient security for investors; provide a stable and predictable g...

Introduction Following deregulation of the principal energy markets, and EU failure to impose harmonised taxation on polluting emissions, some European countries have moved towards market based greening of energy supply. This move is demanding, however, as political authorities thereby engage extensively not only in market regulation, but also in market construction, even to the extent of takin...

We assessed the total energy required to manufacture, install and maintain an extensive, sedumplanted green roof over its assumed life of 20 years in the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. using the method of emergy analysis. We estimated its environmental benefits as the sum of summer electricity savings due to cooler building temperatures, primary production of biomass and reduction in intensity...