Using annual data for the period 1992-2012, this paper examines trade flows between China and its main trade partners in Asia, North America and Europe, and whether increasing trade has led to industrial structural adjustment and changes in China’s trade patterns. The analysis is based on both economic indicators and the estimation of a gravity model, and applies recently developed panel data m...

In this paper we test the importance of the regional restructuring hypothesis by investigating whether the internal migration flows in Western Germany can be explained by employment changes, on the basis of data of out-migration of employed workers and employment in 75 regions over the period 1982-1997 for each year separately. Starting from a conditional probability model for the unobserved in...

We consider the estimation of the usual Gravity model of trade, which involves flows of trade, say exports, from country i to country j in time period t. We suggest an easy-to-impliment generalised method of moments estimator that avoids the issues associated with the usual fixed effects treatment of the unobserved heterogeneity in this type of models and at the same time provides consistent pa...

This paper investigates whether the gravity model (GM) can explain the statistical properties of the International Trade Network (ITN). We fit data on international-trade flows with a GM specification using alternative fitting techniques and we employ GM estimates to build a weighted predicted ITN, whose topological properties are compared to observed ones. Furthermore, we propose an estimation...

The gravity model has been extensively used in international trade research for the last 40 years because of its considerable empirical robustness and explanatory power. Since their introduction in the 1960’s, gravity models have been used for assessing trade policy implications and, particularly recently, for analyzing the effects of Free Trade Agreements on international trade. The objective ...

The flows of traded goods across countries are known to follow a gravity pattern: their volumes are greater between countries that are larger in size and closer to each other. We find a similar pattern in the flows of territories across countries between 1870 and 2008. During this period, countries experienced inflows and outflows of territories, mirroring the international flows of goods. We f...

Newton’s physical law of gravity inspired the original gravity model of economic interaction over space. The intuition was that economic flows might plausibly vary with the masses of economic activity at origin and destination and inversely with the distance between origin and destination. Newton’s Law applied strictly predicts that the economic flow Xij from origin i to destination j is Xij = ...

Long's equation describes two dimensional stratified flow over terrain. Its numerical solutions under various approximations were investigated by many authors under the assumption that the base flow field is without shear. Special attention was paid to the properties of the gravity waves that are predicted to be generated as a result. In this paper we address, analytically, the nature and prope...

Quantum gravity is analyzed from the viewpoint of the renormalization group. The analysis is based on methods introduced by J. Polchinski concerning the perturbative renormalization with flow equations. In the first part of this work, the program of renormalization with flow equations is reviewed and then extended to effective field theories that have a finite UV cutoff. This is done for a scal...

The propagation of solidified zones in the course of subaqueous liquefied sediment flow is theoretically discussed. The coupled systems of Navier-Stokes equations and consolidation equation are numerically solved under moving boundary conditions, with consideration of the concurrent evolutions of the flow surface as well as of the internally formed interface between the fluid and solidified zon...