Betaine is a non-essential nutrient which performs several important physiological functions in organisms. Abundant data exist to suggest that betaine has a potential for prevention of chronic diseases and that its dietary intake may contribute to overall health enhancement. Several studies have pointed out that the betaine status of the general population is inadequate and have suggested nutri...

Corn is the cereal with the highest production worldwide and is used for human consumption, livestock feed, and fuel. Various food technologies are currently used for processing industrially produced maize flours and corn meals in different parts of the world to obtain precooked refined maize flour, dehydrated nixtamalized flour, fermented maize flours, and other maize products. These products ...

Wheat products are nearly ubiquitous in society and are found in many food and non-food products. There are now a variety of Ancient grains that were previously not used in foodstuff in the Western diet. Kamutâ (khorasan wheat) flour is an ancient grain that was introduced in North America in the late nineties. It is commonly found in multigrain products. Our patient is a 24-year-old female wit...

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a processing waste generated in large quantities by the brewing industry. It estimated that over 38 million tons of BSG produced worldwide each year and usually used as animal feed, composted, or thrown into landfills. contains valuable nutritional components, including protein, fiber, antioxidants. Due to its brittle texture, strong nutty flavors, dark color profi...

o RECENT OUTBREAKS of pellagra-the disease caused by deficiencies of the vitamin niacin and resulting in dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death-have been reported in the starving droughtand war-torn nations of the Sahel and Southeastern parts of Africa. Thus, although pellagra can be easily and economically treated by niacin supplementation and moderately good diet, political, social, and ec...