The associated mineral ore accompanying Valuable Metal Compounds (VMC) have been usually treated in a smelting furnace ,such as Blast Furnace, Reverberatory, Blowing Furnace, hence the VMC were mostly concentrated into the molten associated slags and separated from liquid metals. So the associated slags become an important man-made resources (Table I), in which the VMC exist dispersively in var...

The degree to which biological control is exercised compared to physical control of the organization of biogenic materials is a central theme in biomineralization. We show that the outlines of biogenic calcite domains with organic membranes are always of simple geometries, while without they are much more complex. Moreover, the mineral prisms enclosed within the organic membranes are frequently...

The recognition of grain boundaries in deformed rocks from images of thin-sections or polished slabs is an essential step in describing and quantifying various features and analysis, which is usually achieved by image processing procedures. Recently, researchers from geoscience and computer science focused on this issue and many methods have been proposed. We begin with an application of minera...

and Vagners (1971, 1972) expressed this phenomenon elegantly by introducing the concept of "terminal mode" for the optimum grain size to which a mineral can be reduced, given the force and energy typically available in the glacial environment. Thus, hard, uncleaved or poorly cleaved minerals such as quartz, fcldspar, garnet, pyrite and magnetite dominate either the medium or the fine sand fract...

Compared to the Earth, its Moon is strongly depleted in volatiles, and its interior is generally treated as anhydrous. The internal volatile content of the Moon remains a critical control on its petrogenesis, and can be re-assessed in light of current interest in the Moon. One tool in this assessment is chemical (and isotopic) analysis of minerals that could contain volatile elements. One volat...

Available constraints on metamorphic reaction rates derived from the study of natural systems are similar to, or slightly lower than, the bulk strain rates measured in the same rocks. Here, we explore whether this apparent relationship is merely coincidence or due to a more fundamental mechanistic link between reaction and strain. Grain boundary migration accommodated dislocation creep (GBMDC) ...

Geochemical models of secondary mineral precipitation on Mars generally assume semiopen systems (open to the atmosphere but closed at the water-sediment interface) and equilibrium conditions. However, in natural multicomponent systems, the reactive surface area of primary minerals controls the dissolution rate and affects the precipitation sequences of secondary phases, and simultaneously, the ...

The present study describes the radiation-induced effects on nutritional quality and on anti-nutritional factors of sorghum grain: effects of electron beam (ER) and gamma irradiation (GR) at doses of 10, 20 and 30 kGy and infrared irradiation (IR) at 60, 90 and 120 s on the chemical composition, mineral content and bioavailability, in vitro protein and starch digestibility, total phenolic compo...