In female, energy metabolism influences reproductive function by modulating the Hypothalamic Pituitary Ovarian axis including hypothalamic GnRH neuronal network, pituitary gonadotropin secretion and ovarian follicle growth steroidogenesis. Several hormones neuropeptides or metabolites are important signals between balance reproduction. These sensors mediate their action on cells through specifi...

The last two decades have seen a rapid development of a variety of new techniques and probes to understand the regulatory functions of hormones. One such tool is antibodies against hormones. Antibodies against the gonadotropins Lutropin (LH) and Follitropin (FSH), in addition to showing hormonal specificity, react with LH and FSH of a variety of other species (1-3). This property has been found...

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary regulator of mammalian reproductive function in both males and females. It acts via G-protein coupled receptors on gonadotropes to stimulate synthesis and secretion of the gonadotropin hormones luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. These receptors couple primarily via G-proteins of the Gq/ll family, driving activation of phosp...

gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) plays a key role in reproduction. this decapeptide is synthesized and released by hypothalamus and induces the pituitary gonadotrop cells to release pituitary gonadotropin hormones. in some extrapituitary compartments gnrh and its receptor act as part of the autocrine regulatory system of cell proliferation. the anticancer activity of gnrh and its analogues...

Endometrial tissue is under a strong influence of sex hormones. These hormones are considered as developmental factors of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer. We examined the influence of gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone) and sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone) on oxidant/antioxidant parameters in blood and endometrial tissue of women with complex endome...

The search for a definitive gender bias in Alzheimer's disease has resulted in a multitude of epidemiological findings that point to a higher prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's disease in women. Due to this reported predisposition of women to Alzheimer's disease, the sex steroid estrogen has become the primary focus of research in this field, however, inconclusive data regarding estrogen r...

Obesity is a public health problem that increases the risk of metabolic disease, infertility, and other chronic health problems. The present study aimed to develop a new rat model for sex hormone disorder with overweight and Ca loss by intramuscular injection of exogenous leptin (LEP). Thirty female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (40 days old) were injected thrice intramuscularly with LEP or keyhole ...

Adolescents with gender dysphoria experience incongruence between their assigned and their experienced gende [1]. Gender reassignment therapy aims to achieve transition to the desired gender and includes psychological, hormonal and surgical interventions. Puberty can be suspended using gonadotropin releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) thus preventing development in the direction of the natal gen...

The a-subunit is common to the family of heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones FSH, LH, TSH and the placerual chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Clones coding for the pre a-subunit of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones were isolated from a lamb pituitary XgtlO cDNA library [1] using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe based on the published amino acid sequence of the ovine a-subunit [2] and nucleotide s...