It is proposed here that basic Farsi intonation structure consists of three levels, in increasing hierarchical order: the Accentual Phrase (AP), the intermediate phrase (ip), and the Intonation Phrase (IP). The end of the AP is often marked by a high tone, Ha, and rarely a low tone, La (La occurs vacuously utterance finally, marked by L-L%. In this paper, this type of La is not labeled). An AP ...

Two studies documented the American English usage frequencies for ninety-seven nouns that occur with sentence complements (e.g., "rumor," "The rumor that the student cheated..."). An established usage preference methodology was used (see Connine, Ferreira, Jones, Clifton, & Frazier, 1984; Kennison, 1999). In Study 1, participants completed short fragments that did not contain the overt compleme...

A very rich and reliable bookie posts odds on a horse race. He values a contract which pays a pound of gold if Stewball wins at one ounce of gold. He values a contract which pays a pound of gold if Molly wins at one ounce of gold. He will buy or sell these contracts in any quantity at what he considers the fair price or better. Suppose that he also deals in contracts which pay a pound of gold i...

In this report, we propose a novel starch-mediated photochemical reduction method for synthesizing micrometer-sized gold nanoplates and the possibility of using them as a tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) substrate. To reduce gold ions, a starch chain firstly forms a complex with AuCl(4)(-), and the gold ion is subsequently reduced by receiving an electron from a chloride ion and generating ...

This paper proposes a prosodic structure and the tonal pattern of Georgian, the national language of Georgia. The language has three prosodic units above the Word: Intonation Phrase (IP), Intermediate Phrase (ip), and Accentual Phrase (AP). All these units are marked by a boundary tone, but an AP in Georgian is unique typologically in that it has pitch accent linked to a stressed syllable and p...

Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) face unique challenges since it must achieve a double bottom line— outreach and sustainability. So is microfinance worthwhile or worthless? The proper performance measurement framework here is a better way to judge this than a simple measure of numbers. This paper seeks to present, to MFIs, a new rigorous performance measurement framework that incorporates the b...