objective: although in vitro studies have shown that high concentrations of glucose can induce dysmorphogenesis of the embryonic kidney, the possible adverse effects of exposure to intrauterine hyperglycemia on kidney development, especially in regard to nephrogenesis, has not been evaluated. the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of maternal diabetes on glomeruli structures of the...

Insect pheromonal glomeruli are thought to track the fine spatiotemporal features of one or a few odorants to aid conspecific localization. However, it is not clear whether they function differently from generalist glomeruli, which respond to many odorants. In this study, we test how DA1, a model pheromonal glomerulus in the fruit fly, represents the spatial and temporal properties of its input...

The goal of this study was to investigate the spatial organization of olfactory glomeruli and of substances relevant to olfactory sensory neuron activity in the developing agnathan, the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. A 45-kD protein immunoreactive to G(olf), a cAMP-dependent olfactory G protein, was present in the ciliary fraction of sea lamprey olfactory epithelium and in olfactory sensory ne...

L-arginine can be metabolized to nitric oxide (NO) by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and to urea and L-ornithine by arginase. Competition between these pathways for L-arginine in inflammatory sites has been suggested. In experimental glomerulonephritis glomeruli produce nitrite; a major source is macrophages. We hypothesized that arginase is present in glomeruli and may compete for substrate with ...

Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) generation was examined in glomeruli isolated from 1-2-wk and 2-mo streptozotocin diabetic (D) and control (C) rats. After 1-2 wk of diabetes, ex vivo basal cGMP generation and cGMP responses to carbamylcholine (CCh) were significantly suppressed in glomeruli from D compared with those from C, whereas cGMP responses to the calciu...

Leukotrienes are products of the 5-lipooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism that possess potent inflammatory properties. We examined the potential role of this pathway in the decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) observed in rats after unilateral release of bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) of 24 hours duration. Isolated glomeruli fro...

Insects are equipped with various types of antennal sensilla, which house thermosensitive neurons adapted to receive different parameters of the thermal environment for a variety of temperature-guided behaviors. In the leaf-cutting ant Atta vollenweideri, the physiology and the morphology of the thermosensitive sensillum coeloconicum (Sc) has been thoroughly investigated. However, the central p...

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a given odorant receptor (OR) gene project their axons to a few specific glomeruli that reside at recognizable locations in the olfactory bulb. Connecting approximately 1000 populations of OSNs to the approximately 1800 glomeruli of the mouse bulb poses a formidable wiring problem. Additional progress in understanding the mechanisms of neuronal connec...

A modified procedure for Dynabead perfusion was developed to provide a practical methodology for obtaining large quantities of glomeruli from mice with a high purity. The glomeruli may be useful in exploring the mechanism behind glomerular diseases in conjunction with proteomics. The aim of the study was to save on costs and help researchers, particularly beginners, in the practical application...