Abrupt transitions of regional climate in response to the gradual rise in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations are notoriously difficult to foresee. However, such events could be particularly challenging in view of the capacity required for society and ecosystems to adapt to them. We present, to our knowledge, the first systematic screening of the massive climate model ensemble informing t...

[1] A global biofuels program will potentially lead to intense pressures on land supply and cause widespread transformations in land use. These transformations can alter the Earth climate system by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land use changes and by changing the reflective and energy exchange characteristics of land ecosystems. Using an integrated assessment model that links ...

In the last half century, trends in mean temperature (increasing), snowfall (increasing), and snow cover (decreasing) that are consistent with global warming predictions have been observed in the Arctic (Brown and Alt 2001; Gitay et al. 2002; Whitfield et al. 2002). Additionally, climate variability in the Arctic has increased: there has been a significant increase in the number of thaw days in...

For a few decades has proposed sustainable developing in different sciences and professions including architecture and urbanization and its origins  is in environmental crises  and also excessive use of fossilized energies in the world. problems such as global warming, increasingly developing of green house gases in atmosphere that its origin  is  in global warming , air and soil  pollution, an...

The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback—the global radiative response per degree of global annualmean surface temperature change.While the global climate feedback is often assumed to be constant, its value—diagnosed from global climate models—shows substantial time variation under transient warming. Here a reformul...

For a few decades has proposed sustainable developing in different sciences and professions including architecture and urbanization and its origins  is in environmental crises  and also excessive use of fossilized energies in the world. problems such as global warming, increasingly developing of green house gases in atmosphere that its origin  is  in global warming , air and soil  pollution, an...

Cattle rearing generate more global warming green house gases than driving cars. These green house gases leads to changes in the climate. This climate change affects the livestock, man and natural environment continuously. For this reason it is important for livestock farmers to find the ways which minimize these gases emission. In this article the causes of climate change and effects, measures...

human-induced climate change, with such rapid and continuing global-scale warming, is historically unprecedented and signifies that human pressures on earth’s life-supporting natural systems now exceed the planet’s bio-geo-capacity. the risks from climate change to health and survival in populations are diverse, as are the social and political ramifications. although attributing observed health...

Despite the growing scientific consensus about the risks of global warming and climate change, the mass media frequently portray the subject as one of great scientific controversy and debate. And yet previous studies of the mass public's subjective assessments of the risks of global warming and climate change have not sufficiently examined public informedness, public confidence in climate scien...

Variations in climate types are commonly used to describe changes natural vegetation cover response global change. However, few attempts have been made quantify the heterogeneous dynamics of types. In this study, based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) historical and representative concentration pathway (RCP) runs from 18 models, we Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI) Simpso...