In the late 70's and the 80's global search techniques such as Genetic Algorithms (GA's), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Tabu Search (TS) were developed. These procedures are all adaptive, iterative, randomized heuristic searches that are guaranteed to locate the global optimum even in NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. At about the same time, mobile radio communication systems (such a...

Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) is one of the best and most efficient systems for emergency. The systems have been developed to provide mariners global communications and locating network. This system includes land stations for all INMARSAT services to reporting at sea, and so far using this communication system, in marine emergency situations has helped rescue thousands of lives...

  Omni directional mobile robots have been popularly employed in several applications especially in soccer player robots considered in Robocup competitions. However, Omni directional navigation system, Omni-vision system and solenoid kicking mechanism in such mobile robots have not ever been combined. This situation brings the idea of a robot with no head direction into existence, a comprehensi...

While the history of mobile communications is long [1–3], and the background of mobile networks thereby is also long, in this chapter we focus on the historic evolution in terms of network architecture and services starting with Second Generation (2G) mobile systems. In particular, we consider the development of the architecture of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), since it is by f...