Over the CMIP6 historical period (1850–2014), aerosols provided largest negative forcing compared to all other climate forcings via their ability absorb or scatter solar radiation and alter clouds. Aerosols played an important role in counterbalancing warming by greenhouse gases (GHGs). Here we study aerosol trends simulations of NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ocean-atmosphere ...

abstract in this study we have used the monthly data resulted from the calculation of temperature and precipitation for a 52-year period (1951-2003). the doubling effect of carbon dioxide ( ) on temperature and precipitation was modeled as the most important climatic parameters. the resulting hythergraph and ambrothermic models for tabriz indicate monthly increases of temperature and precipitat...

Heterogeneous information systems can make data and process operations by means of a functionality called interoperability. Geographic information system (GIS) interoperability is based on two factors: the increasing use of such systems in companies and the need to supplement their information—when generated in isolation from heterogeneous GISs, leading to coupling troubles. Major initiatives i...

Geographic database systems, known as geographic information systems (GISs) particularly among noncomputer scientists, are one of the most important applications of the very active research area named spatial database systems. Additionally to other spatial database systems where query and manipulation processing are emphasized, the most important purpose of a GIS is to analyze geographical data...

With the increasing use of geographical data in real-world applications, Geographic Information Systems (GISs) have recently emerged as a fruitful area for research. In order to provide information to a multitude of users, the World Wide Web (WWW) techniques have been integrated into GISs. A high-performance webbased GIS, called TerraFly, has been developed in order to provide web-based GIS acc...

Geographic Information Systems (GISs), which map spatiotemporal event data on geographical maps, have proven to be useful in many applications. Time-based Geographic Information Systems (GISs) allow practitioners to visualize collected data in an intuitive way. However, while current GIS systems have proven to be useful in post hoc analysis and provide simple two-dimensional geographic visualiz...

In ecological studies the recent emphasis on larger study areas over longer time spans has coincided with the development of geographical information systems (GIs). GISs are a set of computer hardware and software for analyzing and displaying spatially referenced features (i.e. , points, lines, polygons) with non-geographic attributes (i.e., species, age). In the fields of natural resources man...

Al-7Si-0.5Mg aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry with good spherical grains was prepared by gas induced process (GISS) and the effects of both holding time medium addition on microstructure were investigated. These two parameters have a great influence solid fraction, size sphericity grains. With increased from 85 s to 270 s, phase fraction decreased ~0.77 ~0.67, average grain ~95 μm ~225 shape fa...