the hazardous effect of heavy metals on the histopathology of selected organs of the freshwater fish common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) was investigated. gill, liver, kidney and flesh samples were collected after 32 days of exposure to a sublethal concentration of 5 mg/l of combined (cd + pb + cr + ni) metal solution containing 1.25 mg/l of each metal ion (1/10th of lc50 / 48h) was analyzed by us...

For ram-gill ventilators such as tunas and mackerels (family Scombridae) and billfishes (families Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae), fusions binding the gill lamellae and filaments prevent gill deformation by a fast and continuous ventilatory stream. This study examines the gills from 28 scombrid and seven billfish species in order to determine how factors such as body size, swimming speed, and the deg...

Enzymatic and histopathologic alterations of the digestive gland, gill, gonad, and kidney were studied in Asian clam (Potamocorbula amurensis) in April, 1997 from each of four United States Geological Survey (USGS) stations in the San Francisco Estuary. Stations were selected based on differing body burdens of metallic contaminants in clams (Stn 4.1> 6.1> 8.1>12.5) observed over 7 year...

Over recent decades, the South Branch Potomac River, West Virginia, has experienced fish kills and episodes of suppressed health in adult that have spanned small stretches to nearly 120 km contiguous habitat. Although factors such as endocrine disruption, chemical contaminants, infectious agents been detected, no single causal mechanism identified. To gain information about temporal nature abno...

background: linear endoscopic ultrasonography (eus) is a proven modality for the diagnosis and treatment of different gastrointestinal lesions. the aim of this study was to describe the role of eus-fna in the evaluation of pancreatic and submucosal lesions. materials and methods: over a 1-year period, in a prospective descriptive study, patients referred to naft hospital, underwent linear eus. ...

Study of gill development in bivalve larvae and postlarvae provides information on the evolution of this organ and feeding mechanisms of early stages. Scanning electron microscopy was used to document the development of the filibranch homorhabdic gill in hatchery-reared larval, postlarval, and juvenile Mytilus edulis. Four key stages were identified during gill development: (1) transfer of the ...

Observations on functional morphology and results from experiments demonstrate that setiferous epipods compose the major gill-cleaning mechanism in a penaeoid shrimp, Rimapenaeus similis. Epipods on the second maxillipeds and on pereopods 1-3 are equipped with long setae bearing an array of digitate scale setules. These multidenticulate setae reach to most gills and are jostled among them durin...

The fish gill is the primary regulatory interface between internal and external milieu and a variety of neurocrine, endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signals coordinate and control gill functions. Many of these messengers also affect gill vascular resistance, and they, in turn, may be inactivated (or activated) by branchial vessels. Few studies have critically addressed how flow is distribute...

The rapid activation of gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase was analyzed in the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) transferred from low salinity (0.1 ppt) to high salinity (25-35 ppt). In parr and presmolt, Salmo salar gill Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity started to increase 3 days after transfer. Exposure of Fundulus heteroclitus to 35 ppt seawater (SW) induced a rise in gill Na...

To investigate the hormonal control of gill Na+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) (the sodium pump) in coho salmon, a technique for the culture of primary gill filaments for up to 4 days was developed. Trypan blue exclusion was greater than 99.9%, histological appearance of the cells was normal, and total [Na+], [K+], and protein content of gill filaments cultured for 2-4 days was unchanged f...