Epithelial abnormalities: Von Brunn’s nests Cystitis glandularis Cystitis cystica Squamous metaplasia Nephrogenic adenoma Papillary hyperplasia Non-specific cystitis Papillary-polypoid cystitis Specific cystitis Follicular cystitis Interstitial cystitis Eosinophilic cystitis Giant cell cystitis Radiation cystitis Incrusted cystitis Emphysematous cystitis Granulomatous cystitis Malakoplakia Poly...

Dear Editor, Rose [1] first reported on giant fornix syndrome which can be an unrecognized cause of chronic relapsing purulent conjunctivitis in elderly patients. Conjunctivitis in giant fornix syndrome usually presents with an upper capacious fornix, which is lodged with proteinaceous debris and colonized with bacteria, commonly Staphylococcus aureus [1]. Several previous reports have found th...

The results of clinical examinations and follow-up of 7 patients with floppy eyelid syndrome are presented. The most prominent features of the syndrome are floppy upper eyelids that can be easily everted, with papillary conjunctivitis and punctate keratopathy. The ocular changes seem to be the result of an underlying metabolic (or endocrine) disorder. In the patient with the longest follow-up p...

In acute infectious conjunctivitis the general practitioner has to distinguish a bacterial cause from a viral one to select the patients who are most likely to benefit from antibiotic treatment. The doctor makes this distinction on the basis of the presenting signs and symptoms. Additional diagnostic investigations, such as a culture of the conjunctiva, are seldom done,mainly because the result...

Mast cell infiltration occurs in malignant, inflammatory (eg, allergic, infectious), and idiopathic disease processes in humans and animals. Here, we describe the clinical and histological features of a unique proliferative conjunctivitis occurring in 15 cats. Ocular specimens were examined histologically, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) was performed on ocu...

conclusions according to our multimodality imaging approach, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was the most probable diagnosis. case presentation we describe a 73-year-old woman referred to us for consultation because of a giant negative t wave on her electrocardiography. echocardiography revealed diffuse severe hypertrophy associated with hypertrophied anterolateral papillary muscles with a bifid he...

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the term for a heterogeneous group of disorders for which various mutations of genes involving proteins of the cardiac sarcomere lead to hypertrophy of various segments of the left ventricle. The hypertrophy can involve the left and/or right ventricle, be symmetric or asymmetric, involving the septum, free wall, mid-ventricle, or apex. The phenomenon of solitary p...

The development of carcinoma in a thyroglossal cyst is rare. This report describes the presence of papillary carcinoma in a giant thyroglossal cyst and reviews the literature regarding the clinico-pathological features of the disease and its management.

The quest for the optimal method to correct various refractive errors continues. In studying different contact lens designs and refractive procedures we are constantly evaluating different approaches to patient management. Recognizing that the cornea is a dynamic and vibrant anatomic structure, we must include other parameters in the equation of the "perfect contact lens fit" or "the best surgi...