XML (eXtensible Markup Language) has recently emerged as the most relevant standardization eort in the area of markup languages, and it is increasingly used as the language for information exchange over Web. In this context, developing an access control mechanism in terms of XML is an important step for Web information security. In this paper, we present Author-X , a Java-based system for acces...

A solvable systematic truncation scheme for the Dyson–Schwinger equations of Euclidean QCD in Landau gauge is presented. It implements the Slavnov–Taylor identities for the three–gluon and ghost–gluon vertices, whereas irreducible four–gluon couplings as well as the gluon–ghost and ghost–ghost scattering kernels are neglected. The infrared behavior of gluon and ghost propagators is obtained ana...

Introduction Ghost imaging is a newly proposed methodology for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) that eliminates the need for image subtraction. Using a 3D pulse sequence that acquires slices outside of the body, the method works by modulating arterial signal to produce ghost artifacts. Arterial ghost artifacts localizing in air outside of the body are then processed and viewed along multipl...

The substantial number of ghost possessions that came to our attention during fieldwork in a North Indian village in 1977-78 led to a thorough study of ghost beliefs as part of a holistic study of village life. Ghosts are not phantoms floating on the periphery of village life, the concern only of children and the credulous. Rather, the study shows that ghosts are linked with basic Hindu beliefs...

We investigate how the ghost condensate reacts to black holes immersed in it. A ghost condensate defines a hypersurface-orthogonal congruence of timelike curves, each of which has the tangent vector u = −g∂νφ. It is argued that the ghost condensate in this picture approximately corresponds to a congruence of geodesics. In other words, the ghost condensate accretes into a black hole just like a ...

We define a ghost D-brane in superstring theories as an object that cancels the effects of an ordinary D-brane. The supergroups U(N |M) and OSp(N |M) arise as gauge symmetries in the supersymmetric world-volume theory of D-branes and ghost D-branes. A system with a pair of D-brane and ghost D-brane located at the same location is physically equivalent to the closed string vacuum. When they are ...

Dubovsky and Sibiryakov recently proposed a scenario in which particles of different species propagate with different speeds due to their direct couplings to ghost condensate. It was argued that this extended version of ghost condensate allows a gedanken experiment leading to violation of the generalized second law. However, in the original ghost condensate scenario, difference in propagation s...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of ghost and honorary authors and its determinant factors in bio-medical journals of Iran. METHODS The study was done in 2009-10 in Tehran, Kerman, and Iran Medical Universities, Iran. We contacted the first or corresponding authors of the papers had published papers in the recent two issues of Iranian Journal of Public Health,...

Ghost imaging is a transverse imaging technique that relies on the correlation between a pair of light fields, one that has interacted with the object to be imaged and one that has not. Most ghost imaging experiments have been performed in transmission, and virtually all ghost imaging theory has addressed the transmissive case. Yet stand-off sensing applications require that the object be image...