This paper studies the time complexity of gene expression programming based on maintaining elitist (MEGEP). Using the theory of Markov chain and the technique of artificial fitness level, the properties of transition matrices of ME-GEP are analyzed. Based on the properties, the upper and lower bounds of the average time complexity of ME-GEP are obtained. Furthermore, the upper bound is estimate...

PURPOSE Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are rare and heterogeneous tumors, and their biological behavior is not well known. We studied the presence and potential functional roles of somatostatin receptors (sst1-5), focusing particularly on the truncated variants (sst5TMD4, sst5TMD5) and on their relationships with the angiogenic system (Ang/Tie-2 and VEGF) in human GEP-N...

The aim of this study was to explore the possible involvement of the angiopoietin (Ang)-1, -2/Tie-2 system in the development, growth, and metastases evolution of gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs). We prospectively examined the serum levels of Tie-2, Ang-1, and Ang-2 by ELISA in 42 patients with proven GEP-NETs and 27 controls. We also determined the expression of the Ang/...

Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is a novel genetic algorithm, a highly effective, stable random searching method. We take GEP to make models of Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationship (QSRR) for a series of oxygen-containing organic compounds of GC retention index, and compare the predictive results with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The correlati...

Most of the potential function expressions subjected to function finding contain constant terms. Gene Expression Programming (GEP)’s effectiveness of function finding has been severely limited due to a lack of constant creating ability. Though this issue has been realized and discussed by many GEP researchers, an efficient method has never been established. This paper presents a new method to f...

Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are both mechanical properties of concrete that are utilized in structural design. This study presents gene expression programming (GEP) as a new tool for the formulations of splitting tensile strength from compressive strength of concrete. For purpose of building the GEP-based formulations, 536 experimental data have been gathered from existi...

Population diversity is one of the most important factors that influence the convergence speed and evolution efficiency of gene expression programming (GEP) algorithm. In this paper, the population diversity strategy of GEP (GEP-PDS) is presented, inheriting the advantage of superior population producing strategy and various population strategy, to increase population average fitness and decrea...

INTRODUCTION A significant rise in incidence of rectal gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) has been observed in the last decade. Most detected gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) are well differentiated and less than 2 cm in diameter. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a new method for endoscopic treatment of such tumors, difficult to resect by ...

BACKGROUND The endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is considered the gold standard in rejection surveillance post cardiac transplant, but is invasive, with risk of complications. A previous trial suggested that the gene expression profiling (GEP) blood test was noninferior to EMB between 6 and 60 months post transplant. As most rejections occur in the first 6 months, we conducted a single-center random...

PURPOSE The primary tissue-site origin in over 4% of cancers remains uncertain despite thorough clinicopathological evaluation. This study assessed the effect of a Food and Drug Administration-cleared 2,000- gene-expression-profiling (GEP) test on primary tissue-site working diagnoses and management for metastatic and poorly differentiated cancers. METHODS Clinical information was collected f...