Congenital cardiac malformations which include isomerism of the atrial appendages are amongst the most challenging of problems for diagnosis and also for medical and surgical management. The nomenclature for pathological description is controversial, but difficulties can be overcome by the use of a segmental approach. Such an approach sets out the morphology and the topology of the chambers of ...

We have analysed the atrioventricular junction, ventricular mass, and ventriculoarterial junction in 43 hearts with isomeric atrial chambers. Of the hearts, 32 had atrial chambers of bilateral right morphology while 11 had atrial chambers with bilateral left atrial characteristics. Among the hearts with right atrial isomerism, there were 13 biventricular hearts, all with ambiguous atrioventricu...

The anatomy of a persistent left superior vena cava (SVC) to the left atrium (LA) without the innominate vein can make it challenging to complete intracardiac repair. We reviewed our five cases of the direct end-to-side anastomosis of SVCs to facilitate anatomical repair of SVC-right atrial connection for biventricular repair. Diagnoses were two partial atrioventricular septal defect with left ...

Chemists have long been intrigued by the molecular basis of isomerism. Indeed, much of the powerful paradigm of structure based upon the molecular graph was first invented to explain isomerism, including the classifications used in modern stereochemistry. Thus, constitutional isomers describe pairs of isomeric molecular structures possessing non-homeomorphic molecular graphs, while the classica...

OBJECTIVE Fontan completion in patients with atrial isomerism, in which the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the hepatic vein (HV) drain separately, is technically challenging. Herein, we review our surgical approach to these patients. METHODS The medical records of 50 consecutive patients with atrial isomerism who underwent Fontan completion between 1998 and 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. ...

Introduction Bodily isomerism, also known as heterotaxy, is a unique entity in which there is mirror imagery in various organ systems. Those with isomerism will often have congenital malformations of the heart requiring functionally univentricular palliation. Anecdotally, thrombocytosis has been noted with higher frequency in patients with isomerism. This study aimed to determine the prevalence...

We aimed to present a fetus with Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS) who had left atrial isomerism, heterotaxy syndrome and complete heart block. A 26-year-old healthy female was referred to our clinic in the 23rd week of her pregnancy. The fetus had multiple systemic anomalies including fetal heart. Fetal echocardiography revealed a horizontal liver, left-sided stomach and vena cava interruption with...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine, in a large series of patients with right atrial isomerism, factors associated with mortality. BACKGROUND Right atrial isomerism is associated with complex congenital heart disease and high morbidity and mortality. METHOD All data from patients diagnosed with right atrial isomerism between January 1970 and March 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 91 c...

High bromine containing dimers of tetrabromoanthra- p -quinodimethane as appealing building-blocks for organic synthesis. Thorough study their isomerism and optoelectronic properties.