Crude oil is enriched in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Many PAH analogs have proved to potentially damage DNA. DNA damage can be assessed using various biomarkers to find out the degree of genotoxicity of pollutants following in vitro exposure. In this research the comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test were used to detect DNA damages and cytogenetic changes following crude oil expos...

Tradescantia 4430 clone stamen hair mutation (Trad-SHM) bioassay was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of a herbicide composed of triazines (atrazine and simazine) after in situ exposure. Thirty plant pots were exposed during the herbicide application (test group) and a control group was maintained in a greenhouse (control group). Genotoxicity was expressed in terms of pink mutation events (EMP...

Despite its various clinical applications, cyclophosphamide (CP), an alkylating chemotherapeutic agent, has demonstrated numerous side effects, including genetic toxicity. This study investigated the protective action of Origanum vulgare L., a powerful antioxidant plant, on the genotoxicity of CP in the mice blood lymphocytes. The mice were pretreated orally with different doses of (50, 100, 20...

Genotoxicity testing is an important component of toxicity assessment. As illustrated by the European registration, evaluation, authorization, and restriction of chemicals (REACH) directive, it concerns all the chemicals used in industry. The commonly used in vivo mammalian tests appear to be ill adapted to tackle the large compound sets involved, due to throughput, cost, and ethical issues. Th...

background: the greater surface of bioactive glass nanoparticles presents an incomparable and promising feature similar to the biological apatite. nanoparticles improve cellular adhesion, enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, and increase biomineralization for periodontal regeneration and dental implants. considering the fact that interaction between periodontal cells and bone g...

Arisolochiae species plants containing aristolochic acids I and II (AA I and AA II) are well known to cause aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Recently, there are various approaches to use AAs-containing herbs after the removal of their toxic factors. However, there is little information about genotoxicity of Arisolochiae manshuriensis Kom. (AMK) per se. To obtain safety information for AMK, ...

To clarify the health risks related to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), we evaluated the genotoxicity, acute oral and dermal toxicity, eye irritation, dermal irritation and corrosion and skin sensitisation of commercially manufactured Ag-NPs according to the OECD test guidelines and GLP. The Ag-NPs were not found to induce genotoxicity in a bacterial reverse mutation test and chromosomal aberrati...

An increasing number of industrial, agricultural and commercial chemicals in the aquatic environment lead to various deleterious effects on organisms, which is becoming a serious global health concern. In this study, the Ames test and SOS/umu test were conducted to investigate the potential genotoxicity and mutagenicity caused by organic extracts from drinking water sources. Organic content of ...

This study reports a comparative and mechanistic genotoxicity assessment of four engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) across three species, including E. coli, yeast, and human cells, with the aim to reveal the distinct potential genotoxicity mechanisms among the different nanomaterials and their association with physiochemical features. Both the conventional phenotypic alkaline comet test and the ne...

The comet assay is considered to be a rapid and sensitive procedure for quantitating DNA damage in mammalian cells. In this article, to interpret its outcomes adequately, its power to detect low level genotoxicity and factors affecting its power were reviewed. Although the development of initial lesions into alkali-labile sites and/or SSBs through repairing events is an important factor to supp...