Background and Objective: A large group of genes associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC expression is involved in inducing antibiotic resistance in various bacteria. Identifying these genes and assessing their harboring will be crucial in determining the pattern of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to characterize genetic variants in extended-spectrum beta-lacta...

several studies have focused on polymorphisms of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) in sheep, ovar-mhc. this molecule plays a pivotal role in antigen presentation for eliciting immune responses against invading pathogens. the best-characterized genetic control of disease resistance and immune response in animals is associated with mhc. numerous molecular genetic investigations have been und...

Genetic resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV) is the most viable alternative for long-term control of sharka disease. In addition to the classical approaches to producing resistant germplasm and cultivars, genetic transformation offers a promising genetic approach to resistance. We show, using the example of C5 plum, that genetically engineered resistance can provide durable, stable and high level...

The improvement and utilisation of host genetic resistance to disease is an attractive option as a component of livestock disease control in a wide range of situations. This paper reviews the situations where genetic resistance of the host is likely to be a useful component of disease control and provides a framework for deciding whether genetic improvement of resistance is likely to be worthwh...

Several studies have focused on polymorphisms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in sheep, Ovar-MHC. This molecule plays a pivotal role in antigen presentation for eliciting immune responses against invading pathogens. The best-characterized genetic control of disease resistance and immune response in animals is associated with MHC. Numerous molecular genetic investigations have been und...

The development of drug resistance and cross-resistance continues to pose a challenge to successful long-term antiretroviral therapy despite the availability of new antiretroviral agents. The genetic barrier to resistance of a regimen does not directly correlate with its effectiveness. For some regimens with a low genetic barrier to resistance, however, the emergence of only 1 or 2 key resistan...

background: integrons are the major reasons of multidrug resistance (mdr) among enteropathogenic bacteria. occurrence of horizontal gene transfer between integron-carrying microorganisms and other enteric bacteria may increase the rate of emergence of integron-associated antibiotic resistance. objectives: the objective of this study was to investigate class 1 integrons among members of enteropa...

The ability of animals to resist infections with parasites is genetically determined and therefore variable between individuals or breeds of a given host species. Such variation may involve innate (non-immunological) and acquired (immunologically mediated) resistance mechanisms, and is determined by both major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked and non-MHC genes. Resistance is inherited as...