Usual estimates of the female-male wage gap may be biased because female selection could be different in different parts of the labor market. This paper proposes an estimator for the wage gap in models with unobserved heterogeneity in the selection rule. It applies to the subpopulation of “always employed” women, which is similar to men in labor force attachment. Using CPS data from 1976 to 200...

For centuries, attempts have been made to choose the gender of offspring, but not until the 1970s did effective prebirth gender selection become possible through prenatal diagnosis and abortion. More recently, preimplantation techniques to determine the sex of embryos for transfer have been established (1, 2). Because these methods require either prenatal diagnosis and abortion or a costly cycl...

We consider a society where parents prefer boys to girls, but also value grandchildren. Parental sex selection results in a biased sex ratio that is socially ine¢ cient, due to a congestion externality in the marriage market. Improvements in selection techniques aggravate the ine¢ ciency. These results are robust to allowing prices in the marriage market, if the market is subject to frictions. ...

Selection for reproduction in the context of Genetic Algorithms uses only one selection scheme to select parent individuals. When considering the model of sexual selection in the area of population genetics it gets obvious that the process of choosing mating partners in natural populations is different for male and female individuals. In this paper the authors introduce a new selection paradigm...

The authors report 3 picture-word interference experiments in which they explore some properties of the agreement process in speech production. In Experiment 1, Croatian speakers were asked to produce utterances in which the noun's gender value had an impact on the selection of gender-marked freestanding morphemes (pronouns) while ignoring the presentation of same- or different-gender distracto...

Women empowerment has remained a long standing issue for practitioners and policy makers at all levels even in the present modern known era of modernization. The basic objective of this study is to assess gender equality in the top sphere of the SAARC key governmental institutions from the recruitment and selection perspective. This study has used secondary data collected from the official webs...

Host genotype and gender are among the factors that influence the composition of gut microbiota. We studied the population structure of gut microbiota in two lines of chickens maintained under the same husbandry and dietary regimes. The lines, which originated from a common founder population, had undergone 54 generations of selection for high (HW) or low (LW) 56-day body weight, and now differ...

The selection operator in the standard genetic algorithm (GA) determines which individuals are chosen from a relatively homologous population for mating and crossover. This operator is crucial for the performance of the GA, since it may lead the algorithm to premature convergence and limited search scope (or genetic diversity) by repeatedly choosing very strong individuals with similar genetic ...