Ethyl acetoacetate modi®ed aluminium sec-butoxide can be hydrolysed and gelled with alkaline, neutral or acidic media within a pH range of 3.0±8.5. Alumina precipitation occurs if pH values at any point in the sol±gel transition are outside this range. Nine di€erent gelling agents have been evaluated for pH dependence of gel point. Based on stoichiometric considerations, only those systems with...

Introduction: There is a paucity of information on the effects of Hegu point ice massage and 2% lidocaine gel on fistula puncture-related pain in hemodialysis patients. The aim of the present research was compare the two methods in terms of their effectiveness. Methods: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Seventy hemodialysis patients were divided into two groups. The fistula puncture-...

Introduction: The objective of this work is to study the ability of MRI normoxic polymer gel dosimetry system to be used to verify the calculated dose distribution, in a simple geometry, in clinical radiotherapy. Materials and Methods:  Initially, 2 liters of the normoxic MAGAT polymer gel was prepared and then poured into two cylindrical Perspex phantom (simu...

Periodic molecular dynamics simulations are developing to a routine tool for the investigation of complex, polymeric materials. A typical application is simulation curing reaction covalently cross-linked polymers, which provides detailed understanding network formation at scale, with examples including gelation and glass transitions. In this article, we delineate connection between percolation ...