Intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) plays an important role in the regulation of growth cone (GC) motility; however, the mechanisms responsible for clearing Ca2+ from GCs have not been examined. We studied the Ca2+-clearance mechanisms in GCs produced by crayfish tonic and phasic motor axons by measuring the decay of [Ca2+]i after a high [K+] depolarizing pulse using fura-2AM. Tonic...

Therapeutic options to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses comprise glucocorticosteroids (GCS) as first-line and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) as second-line treatments in GCS-unresponsive patients. No guidelines exist for the treatment of another relapse following TPE. We retrospectively analyzed the responsiveness to GCS in a subsequent relapse following TPE in previously GCS-unrespons...

Recent observations have reported that the Galactic globular clusters (GCs) with unusually extended horizontal-branch (EHB) morphologies show a significantly lower velocity dispersion compared with that of the entire Galactic GC system. We consider that the observed distinctive kinematics of GCs with EHB has valuable information on the formation epochs of GCs and accordingly discuss this observ...

The problem of generating an optimal coalition structure for a given game rational agents is to find partition that maximizes their social welfare and known be NP-hard. Though there are algorithmic solutions with high computational complexity available this combinatorial optimization problem, it unknown whether quantum-supported may outperform classical algorithms. In paper, we propose novel so...

to determine the factors affecting the outcome of patients with traumatic acute subdural hematoma, we reviewed the records of7 4 consecutive comatose patients with a glascow coma scale score (gcs) of less than 8 who had been admitted to imam hosein medical center from 1990 to 1996 and had undergone a uniform treatment protocol. the overall mortality rate was 73% and 23% had functional recovery,...

INTRODUCTION Gaucher cells (GCs), the lipid-laden storage macrophages, are the pathologic hallmark of Gaucher disease (GD). They are typically 20-100 μm in diameter with eccentrically placed nuclei and cytoplasm with characteristic crinkles and striations. A few previous observations have indicated that sometimes GD patients may display morphology of GCs which is different from this classical d...

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is decreased in rodent models for stress-related disorders partly through an elevated level of glucocorticoids (GCs). On the other hand, lithium (Li), a mood stabilizer and an inhibitor of GSK-3beta, increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether GCs-induced decrease can be recovered by Li or not. Recently we established the culture ...

Globular clusters (GCs) are emerging as a new class of γ-ray emitters, thanks to the data obtained from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. By now, eight GCs are known to emit γ-rays at energies >100 MeV. Based on the stellar encounter rate of the GCs, we identify potential γ-ray emitting GCs out of all known GCs that have not been studied in details before. In this paper, we report the discov...

OBJECTIVE To identify in mild head injured children the major differences between those with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 15 and GCS 13/14. METHOD Cross-sectional study accomplished through information derived from medical records of mild head injured children presented in the emergency room of a Pediatric Trauma Centre level I, between May 2007 and May 2008. RESULTS 1888 patients were includ...

In the olfactory bulb (OB), loss of preexisting granule cells (GCs) and incorporation of adult-born new GCs continues throughout life. GCs consist of distinct subsets. Here, we examined whether the loss and incorporation of GC subsets are coordinated in the OB. We classified GCs into mGluR2-expressing and -negative subsets and selectively ablated mGluR2-expressing GCs in a local area of the OB ...