Although recent advances in analytical methods have accelerated the study of these materials, the analysis and identiRcation of ancient organic residues has a long history. An early example, in the 1920s, was the use of wet chemical techniques by the chemist Alfred Lucas to study organic material from pottery and mummiRed human remains from the tomb of Tutankhamun. Over the last 20 years or so,...

A new system was developed for measuring sulfur isotopes δ33S and δ34S from atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS or OCS) on small air samples of several liters, using a pre-concentration gas chromatography – isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) method. Measurements COS provide tool quantifying the budget, which will help towards better understandin...

Lipid biomarkers, such as the various bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT) isomers studied here, are useful tools in tracing bacterially mediated nitrogen and carbon cycle processes affecting greenhouse gas emissions, including anaerobic oxidation of ammonia. Three BHT occur commonly environment. By chromatography, BHT-34S elutes first; it is produced by numerous bacteria. The two later eluting more cons...

Image-reject mixers (IRMs) and single-sideband mixers (SSMs) play a key role in many of today’s microwave and rf systems [1, 2, 3]. IRMs and SSMs reduce system cost and complexity by removing the need for expensive preselection, and one or more stages of upor downconversion. IRMs simplify downconversion by employing phase-cancellation techniques to separate the downconverted products resulting ...

Stable isotope tracer methodologies are becoming increasingly widespread in metabolic research; yet a number of factors restrict their implementation, such as, i.v infusions, multiple cannulae, tissue samples, and significant cost. We recently validated the sensitivity of the orally administered stable isotope tracer deuterium oxide (D2O) for quantifying day-to-day changes in muscle protein syn...

A variety of reference models such as CMMI, COBIT or ITIL support IT organizations to improve their processes. These process improvement reference models (IRMs) cover different domains such as IT development, IT Services or IT Governance but also share some similarities. As there are organizations that address multiple domains and need to coordinate their processes in their improvement we prese...

A variety of process improvement reference models (IRM) like CMMI, COBIT or ITIL support IT organizations. These reference models cover different domains such as IT development, IT Services or IT Governance but also share some similarities. There are organizations that address multiple domains and want to use different IRMs. As IRMs are described in different structures and are using different ...