Reactive sputtering when two reactive gases are used presents special problems. Both reactive gases affect the plasma conditions, which means that both affect common feedback control signals such as the cathode voltage and optical emission signals. Two reactive gases require that unique signals for each reactive gas be acquired and that control of each of the reactive gases is done separately. ...

Biotrickling filters (BTFs) are becoming very potential means to purify waste gases containing multiple VOC components, but the removal of the waste gases by BTF has been a major challenge due to the extremely complicated interactions among the components. Four biotrickling filters packed with polyurethane foam were employed to identify the interactions among four aromatic compounds (benzene, t...

One of the main factors contributing to greenhouse gas emissions in the environment is the production of pollutant gases in landfills. Collecting the landfill gases (LFG) effectively reduces the emission of gasses from the landfill site. A precise collection system for LFG can create the potential for energy generation in addition to emissions reduction. However, in Iran, the implementation of ...

The system of gas-dynamic equations, corresponding to the first order of approximation in the successive approximations method of solution of kinetic Boltzmann equation for multi-component mixture of gases, is derived. Interpretation of turbulent flows of gases is proposed within frames of multi-component gas dynamics, as stratified on components flows of gases. PACS numbers: 02.30.Mv, 05.20.Dd...

Recently, the author suggested a simple and composite equation of state by incorporating fundamental thermodynamic properties like heat capacities into her earlier concise equation of state for gases based on free volume and molecular association / dissociation. This work brings new results for aqueous solutions, based on the analogy of the equation of state for gases and solutions over wide ra...

Super Earth exoplanets are being discovered with increasing frequency and some will be able to retain stable H2-dominated atmospheres. We study biosignature gases on exoplanets with thin H2 atmospheres and habitable surface temperatures, by using a model atmosphere with photochemistry, and biomass estimate framework for evaluating the plausibilty of a range of biosignature gas candidates. We fi...

Microbial life on Earth uses a wide range of chemical and energetic resources from diverse habitats. An outcome of this microbial diversity is an extensive and varied list of metabolic byproducts. We review key points of Earth-based microbial metabolism that are useful to the astrophysical search for biosignature gases on exoplanets, including a list of primary and secondary metabolism gas bypr...

greenhouse gases have been of serious global concern to environmentalists. enteric ruminal fermentation and manure are seen to be responsible for global warming. based on a better understanding of positive tan-nin effects on ruminant nutrition, the feeding value of browse trees and shrubs containing tannin, their roles on methanogenic rumen microbes in overcoming the production of enteric ferme...

There are only a handful reports about the sensor systems having the ability of detecting the existence of the noble gases. Chemical reluctance of these gaseous species causes them to have no chemical interactions like hydrogen bonding with the chemically designed nano-sized sensors. Noble gasses usually have no atomic charges nor do change the total polarity of the molecular sensor systems. Th...